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Organic Chemistry > Organic Chemistry Intro > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Unique property of carbon?

A

Catenation

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2
Q

Carbon forms_____type of bond with other types of carbon atoms?

A

Covalent

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3
Q

Carbon forms covalent bonds with other other atoms too like?

A

Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulphur
Phosphorus
Halogens

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4
Q

Due to which property of carbon, it’s able to form range of covalent compounds?

A

Catenation

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5
Q

In 1780, organic compounds were obtained from?

A

Plants and animals

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6
Q

Inorganic compounds are obtained from?

A

Mineral sources

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7
Q

Organic compounds are vital because?

A

1.) They sustain life on earth
•DNA deoxyribonucleic acid the genetic information and proteins that constitutes essential compounds of blood, muscles and skin.
2.) Materials like;
•fuels
•clothing
•medicines
•dyes
•polymers

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8
Q

What is the nature of DNA and Proteins?

A

Complex

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9
Q

Vital force theory was given by? What was it?

A

Berzilius, Swedish chemist
Vital force is responsible for formation of organic compounds.

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10
Q

When and why was vital force theory rejected?

A

1828, F. Wohler synthesized organic compounds from inorganic compound.

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11
Q

Which organic compound was synthesized by Wohler and from what inorganic compound?

A

NH4CNO(Ammonium cyanate) an inorganic compound was heated to produce a organic compound Urea NH2CONH2

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12
Q

Synthesis of ACETIC ACID was done in laboratory first time by? And when?

A

Kolbe 1845

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13
Q

Synthesis of Methane was done by which person in laboratory for first time? And when?

A

Berthelot 1856

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14
Q

Which theory gave Modern Organic chemistry?

A

Electronic theory of covalent bonding.

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15
Q

Knowing what helps in understanding and predicting PROPERTIES of Organic compounds?

A

Molecular Structure
This shows that properties of compounds have correlation with molecular Structure.

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16
Q

What does hybridization influences?

A

•Bond enthalpy or strength
•Bond length

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17
Q

More the S character, more is______?

A

Electronegativity

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18
Q

Change in hybridization affects______of _______?

A

Electronegativity of carbon

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19
Q

How does s character changes from sp to sp² to sp³? Write EN trend!

A

50% to 33.33% to 25%
EN Trend: sp>sp²>sp³

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20
Q

More the s character, closer to______? And______the bond

A

Nucleus
Shorter and Stronger the bond

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21
Q

Arrange in bond length orders;
sp, sp² and sp³

A

sp³>sp²>sp

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22
Q

Electronegativity influences_________of a compound.

A

Physical and Chemical properties

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23
Q

For formation of Pi bond of two P orbitals on adjacent atoms which type of orientation and overlap is necessary?

A

Parallel and Side-ways

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24
Q

Why pi bond between double bonded carbon atoms brings restricted rotation?

A

Rotation of one fragment of molecule with respect to other interferes with the maximum overlap of p orbitals.

25
Q

Why the pie electrons are easily available to the attacking reagents?

A

The electron charge cloud of Pi bond is located above and below the plane of bonding atoms.

26
Q

What are reactive centres?

A

Pi bonds provide multiple bonds where electrons are easily available for attacking reagents.

27
Q

Structures of organic compounds are represented in several ways. Those ways are? Explain

A

Lewis dot structure) focuses on electrons involved in bond formation.
Dash structure
Condensed structure) structural formulas are abbreviated by omitting some or all of the dash is representing covalent bonds and indicating the number of identical groups attached to atom by a subscript resulting in an expression of the compound.
Bond line structure) carbon and hydrogen are not shown. Lines represent the carbon-carbon bonds in a zigzag fashion only hetero atoms are written specifically. Check for the terminal they may have methyl group. Hydrogen atoms are added according to the valency that is satisfaction of carbon atom.

28
Q

Explain the three dimensional representation image of organic molecule.

A

Solid Wedge and dash representation:
Solid wedge is used to indicate a bond projecting out of the plane of paper towards the observer.
Dash wedge depict bond projecting out of plane of paper and away from observer.
Broad end of wedge is towards the observer.
Bonds lying in the plane of paper are depicted using normal line. Fig.12.1

29
Q

Molecular models? and how many types are they?

A

Physical devices
Three types;
Framework model
Ball stick model
Space filling model

30
Q

Framework model?

A

Shows the PATTERN OF BONDS.
Ignore the size of atoms.

31
Q

Ball-stick modle?

A

Is model uses springs in place of sticks. Bonds and atoms are shown. ETHENE is best visualised by this.

32
Q

Space filling model?

A

Emphasizes on Relative Size Of Each Atom. Based on VAN DER WAAL RADIUS.
Bonds are not shown in this model. Volume Occupied By Each Atom In Molecule is conveyed.

33
Q

Classification of organic compounds is based on?

A

Their structures.
Read classification portion from notes

34
Q

Alicyclic or aliphatic cyclic exhibit some of the properties similar to those of

A

Aliphatic

35
Q

What are some examples of heterocyclic aromatic compounds?

A

Furan
Thiophene
Pyridine

36
Q

What is the other name of homocyclic compounds?

A

Carbocyclic

37
Q

Example of nonbenzenoid compound?

A

Tropone

38
Q

Name my example of alicyclic compound

A

Tetrahydrofuran
Caution: But furan is heterocyclic aromatic compound.

39
Q

What is a functional group? What are they responsible for?

A

Atom or group of atoms joined to carbon chain responsible for CHARACTERISTIC chemical properties of organic compounds.

40
Q

Compound contains two or more identical or different functional groups these are called?

A

Poly functional compounds

41
Q

Homologous series?

A

Group or series of org. compounds forming a FAMILY each containing a characteristic functional group. Organic compounds can be classified on the BASIS of functional groups into families or homologous series.

42
Q

Members of homologous series are called?

A

Homologues

43
Q

How are a specific homologous group represented? Do all homologous have same molecular formula or they differ.

A

General molecular formula
Molecular formula of SUCCESSIVE homologue differs by -CH2.

44
Q

Acyclic compounds are also called?

A

Aliphatic

45
Q

Why to use IUPAC nomenclature?

A

It’s a systematic method

46
Q

What is khasiyat of IUPAC Nomenclature?

A

Name se Structure aur structure se naam bta skte hai.

47
Q

IUPAC Nomenclature jbb nhi tha tbb kaise naam rkhte the Organic compounds ke?

A

Common/Trivial/Traditional names

48
Q

How were common names of organic compounds decided?

A

Based on their
•PROPERTIES and
•ORIGIN.

49
Q

What are some examples of common names of organic compounds? And their origins. (Write NCERT Examples)

A

•Citrus acid from Citrus fruits
•Formic acid from formica(Latin word for red ants)
•C60 cluster (form of carbon) ka Buckminster Fullerene on the name of famous architect Buckminster Fuller.
•Alkanes (homologous series) are named Paraffins(Latin word meaning less affinity)

50
Q

Which Organic compound’s structure matches to GEODESIC dome? Who popularized it?

A

C60 cluster
Buckminster Fuller

51
Q

When does NCERT tells to use common names? Where does it uses itself?

A

When systematic name is lengthy and complicated.

52
Q

Trivial names that are also accepted by IUPAC Nomenclature?

A

Meth, eth, prop and but
The abbreviations of the Word Root are Trivial.

53
Q

Write the formula of Icosane and Triacontane?

A

•Icosane) C20H42
•Triacontane) C30H62

54
Q

Special Card🎁

A

Please read Table 12.1
Guaranteed question for NEET

55
Q

Write down the structures of following:
Isopropyl
Secondary-butyl
Isobutyl
Tertiary-butyl
Neopentyl

A

We would notice that there is a hyphen between secondary and tertiary prefixes but not in the case of Iso and Neo prefix.

56
Q

Whose name is written in parenthesis?

A

Name of branched chain alkyl group

57
Q

Which carbon is given the lowest number when branch in alkyl group is attached to the root chain?

A

It doesn’t care about giving the lowest number to the further substituents, it gives lowest number to the carbon atom of the branch that is attached to the root alkane.

58
Q

Among iso, Neo, sec and tert which are considered by IUPAC for alphabetical order?

A

Prefixes iso and Neo are considered to be a part of fundamental name(until they are not further substituted) of alkyl group and hence follow alphabetical order.
Prefixes sec and tert are not considered to be a part of fundamental name.

Organic Chemistry (5 decks)

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