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chemistry > organic chemistry introduction (organic) > Flashcards

organic chemistry introduction (organic) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the empirical formula

A

the simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

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2
Q

how do you work out the empirical formula

A

mass/atomic mass then divide by the smallest number

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3
Q

what is molecular formula

A

shows the actual amount of atoms of each element in a molecule. can be found using the empirical formula, relative molecular mass of the empirical formula and the relative mass of the molecule

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4
Q

what is a free radical

A

when a covalent bond breaks, one electron goes to each of the atoms that formed the original bond (represented by single headed curly arrows)

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5
Q

whats the functional group of an alkane

A

C-C

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6
Q

functional group of alkene

A

C=C

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7
Q

functional group of alcohol (hydroxyl)

A

OH

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8
Q

functional group of aldehydes

A

H-C=O

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9
Q

functional group of ketones

A

C=O

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10
Q

functional groups of carboxylic acids

A

HO-C=O

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11
Q

what does aliphatic mean

A

carbon atoms are arranged in an unbranched structure

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12
Q

what does alicylic mean

A

carbon atoms are arranged in a ring structure

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13
Q

what does aromatic mean

A

all or some carbons are found in a benzene ring

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14
Q

general formulas of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes

A

alkanes - CnH2n+2
alkenes - CnH2n
alkynes - CnH2n-2

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15
Q

suffix group of alkane

A

ane

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16
Q

suffix group of alkene

A

ene

17
Q

suffix group of alcohol

A

ol

18
Q

suffix group of aldehyde

A

al

19
Q

suffix group of kentone

A

one

20
Q

suffix group of carboxylic acid

A

oic acid

21
Q

what happens as chain length increases

A

boiling point increases

22
Q

what do curly arrows show

A

movement of electrons

23
Q

what is an isomer?

A

molecules with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms

24
Q

what is a structural isomer?

A

different structural arrangement of atoms - can be branched or straight chains

25
Q

what is a positional isomer?

A

molecules have a functional group at a different position on the chain

26
Q

what is a functional group isomer?

A

different arrangement of the same molecular formula so the molecule has a different functional group

27
Q

what is a stereoisomer?

A

different spatial arrangement. e.g. E,Z isomerism

28
Q

what is E,Z isomerism?

A

limited rotation around a double carbon bond can either be together or apart

29
Q

what is the E isomer?

A

groups are apart - on different sides of the double bond

30
Q

what is the Z isomer?

A

groups are together - on the same side of the double bond

31
Q

what is chain isomerism

A

hydrocarbon chain organised differently (branched chain)

chemistry (34 decks)

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