organic chemistry part 1

Question 1

alkane formula and suffix

Answer 1

CnH2n+2
example:end in ane
propane
methane
hexane
octane

Question 2

alkene formula and suffix

Answer 2

• CnH2n
• ene
• double bond

Question 3

alkyne formula and suffix

Answer 3

• CNH2n-2
• yne
  -triple bond

Question 4

Alkene example explain

Answer 4

you remove ane part of alkane then you state where the double bond occurs then u add the prefix of alkene.

For example: But-2-ene

Question 5

Alkyne example explain

Answer 5

you remove ane part of alkane then you state where the triple bond is then you add the prefix of alkyne

For example: Pent-2-yne

Question 6

halogenoalkanes when to know when to use and how to state and example

Answer 6

when you either see F,CL,Br or I off the Carbon.
-you start by saying the number first and on which carbon it is located, then you right which halogen it is but you chop of the ine and and o then u state the alkane

example:2-Chlorobutane

Question 7

alcohol when to know when to use and how to state and example

Answer 7

OH replaces an H and is seen in parenthesis when in formula.
- suffix is ol

when creating the example only remove the E from the alkane then write where the oh is placed then add the suffix ol

example: Butan-2-ol

Question 8

aldehydes functional group

Answer 8

C double bond to O and single bond to H
has to be at end of the chain

Question 9

aldehyde suffix and how to word

Answer 9

-al
- remove the e from the alkane and add al

example: pentanal

Question 10

ketone functional group

Answer 10

similar to aldehyde but the double bond of O is in the middle or not at the end

Question 11

ketone suffix and how to word

Answer 11

one

remove the e from the alkane then state where the O is located then write the suffix

example: pentan-2-one

Question 12

carboxylic acids functional group

Answer 12

C is connect to a double bond of O and a single bond of OH instead of H’s

always at the end of a chain

Question 13

Carboxylic acid suffix and how to word

Answer 13

change the e of the parent alkane to oic

example:pentanoic acid

Question 14

esters functional group

Answer 14

C bonded to a double bond O(replacing the H) and that same C bonded to a single bond O that replaces an original C

Question 15

Esters suffix and how to write

Answer 15

replace the e from the alkane with oate(use the chain attached to the C double bonded to O

place the name of the alkyl group in the front(use the chain attached to the single bonded O)

example: ethyl Propanoate

Question 16

Ethers

Answer 16

O is separating the carbon atoms

Question 17

naming symmetrical ethers

Answer 17

doesnt matter which side name alkyl group and add oxy then follow it by name of the alkane that the O is bonded to

example: Ethoxy Ethane

Question 18

Naming Asymmetrical ethers

Answer 18

The shorter chain gets the Oxy ending while the longer chain keeps entire name

example: ethoxy Butane

Question 19

Unsaturated Carbons

Answer 19

Akenes
alkynes

Question 20

Saturated carbons

Answer 20

Alkane

Question 21

Functional group for ketone?

Answer 21

Carbonyl

Question 22

Functional group for Alcohol

Answer 22

Hydroxyl group

Question 23

Primary Alcohol?

Answer 23

The Carbon holding the OH is bonded directly to one other carbon

Question 24

Secondary Alcohol

Answer 24

The Carbon holding the OH is bonded directly to two other carbons

Question 25

Tertiary alcohols

Answer 25

No reaction occurs

Question 26

Combustion of Alkanes

Answer 26

Hydrocarbon(pentane etc) + O2 ---> CO2 + H2O

Question 27

how many products does combustion of alkanes have

Answer 27

2

Question 28

Substitution always has how many products

Answer 28

2

Question 29

Incomplete combustion for alkane

Answer 29

Hydrocarbon + O2 ---> CO + H2O incomplete combustion always forms CO

Question 30

Substitution reaction of alkanes Alkane + Halogen ---->

Answer 30

Alkane + Halogen ----> Halogenalkane + acid example: CH4+ Cl2 -----> CH3Cl + HCL

Question 31

How can Alkanes react with Halogens

Answer 31

UV light

Question 32

Free radical

Answer 32

Atom or molecule that contains an unpaired electron and so is VERY reactive

Question 33

Initiation in Reaction mechanism

Answer 33

Cl bonded to another Cl ---> Cl + Cl not bonded to each-other but with an unpaired electron as the 7th valence electron. These are known as free radical

Question 34

Propagation in Reaction mechanism

Answer 34

When the Chlorine free radicals come into contact with a methane molecule, they combine with a hydrogen atom to produce hydrogen chloride, and a methyl radical The methyl free radical reacts with a chlorine molecule to form a halogenalkane and regenerate another chlorine radical

Question 35

Termination in reaction mechanism

Answer 35

Thus occurs when 3 radicals react together Cl + Cl= Cl2 CH3+ CH3= ethane

Question 36

Alkene+ Halogen(diatomic) ----> forms what

Answer 36

Alkene+ Halogen(diatomic) ----> Dihalogenalkanes ex: Prop-1-ene + bromine ---> 1,2dibromopropane

Question 37

Hydrogen halides

Answer 37

Halogens(Br,F,I,Cl when they combine with hydrogen

Question 38

Addition of Hydrogen halides (Alkene+ hydrogen halide ---->)

Answer 38

Alkene+ hydrogen halide ----> halogenoalkane

Question 39

addition has how many products

Answer 39

1

Question 40

Addition of hydrogen

Answer 40

When you see a alkene or alkyne + H2 Alkene+ hydrogen ---> alkane Alkyne + hydrogen ---> alkene

Question 41

Addition of water Alkene + H2O ---> forms what

Answer 41

Alkene + H2O ---> Alcohol Example: ethene + water ----> ethan- 1 - ol

Question 42

repeating unit

Answer 42

A group of atoms that appears repeatedly along a polymer chain

Question 43

properties of polymers

Answer 43

- High melting and boiling points - low thermal and electrical conductivity.

Question 44

Addition Polymerization

Answer 44

Monomer ---> Polymer -monomers with double bonds combine together to form polymers

Question 45

Nucleophilic Substitution of Halogenoalkanes (halogenoalkane + hydroxide ---> what does this form, and example

Answer 45

----> alcohol + salt ex: Chloromethane + sodium hydroixde ---> COH(hydrogen bonds attach to C) + nacl

Question 46

Combustion of Alcohols

Answer 46

Alcohol + O2 ---> CO2 + H2O ex: C2H5OH + O2 ---> CO2 + H2O

Question 47

Oxidation with primary Alcohols

Answer 47

Primary alc --> aldehyde ---> carboxylic acid

Question 48

Oxidation with secondary Alcohols

Answer 48

Secondary alc ---> ketone

Question 49

Homologous series

Answer 49

Same general formula or functional group differs from one another by one CH2

Question 50

how does bp go with carbon atoms

Answer 50

the more Carbon atoms the higher bp the less carbon atoms the lower the Bp

Question 51

Isomers

Answer 51

same molecular formula but different structural formulas.