Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physics > Organic Chemistry - Reactions > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry - Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

Combustion reactions

  1. Reaction
  2. Info about reaction
A
  1. Alkane + oxygen = Carbon dioxide + water

2. Highly exothermic + sort chain alkanes burn easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Esterfication

  1. Reaction
  2. Conditions for reaction
A
  1. Primary alcohol + Carboxylic acid (Sulphuric acid)= Ester + water
  2. Sulphuric acid added as a catalyst
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Haloalkanes from Alkanes (Substitution)

  1. Reaction
  2. Info about reaction
A
  1. Alkane + Halogen (Heat)= Haloalkane + HX
  2. Occur in the presence of heat or light. Causes dissociation of halogen molecule into radicals which are unstable and bond easily
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Alcohol and Haloalkanes (Substitution)
HBr Or HCl with alcohols
1. Reaction
2. Conditions for reactions

Dilute bases with Haloalkanes

  1. Reaction
  2. Conditions for reaction
A

HBr or HCl with alcohols
1. Alcohol + HBr/HCl = Haloalkane + Water
2. • Tertiary alcohols at room temperature
• Primary and secondary react slow and need high temp

Bases/H2O with Haloalkanes(Hydrolysis)

  1. Haloalkane + Dilute base (Ethanol)= Alcohol + Salt
  2. Base is dissolved in ethanol, Haloalkane is added, then it is heated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hydrogenation (Addition)

  1. Reaction
  2. Conditions for reaction
A

H2 is added to an Alkene

  1. Alkene + Hydrogen (Platinum)= Alkane
  2. Alkene(non-polar) must be dissolved in a non-polar solvent with a catalyst such as Pt, Ni
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Halogenation (Addition)

  1. Reaction
  2. Conditions for reaction
A

Halogen is added to an alkene

  1. Alkene + Cl2/Br2 = Haloalkane
  2. Dissolve alkane in non-polar solvent, the reaction proceeds easily at room temperature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hydrohalogenation (Addition)

  1. Reaction
  2. Conditions for reaction
A

HCl/HBr/HI added to an Alkene

  1. Alkene + HX = Haloalkane
  2. Dissolve alkene in non-polar solvent and NO water must be present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hydration (Addition)

  1. Reaction
  2. Conditions for reaction
A

Water is added to an Alkene

  1. Alkene + Water (50% H2SO4)= Alcohol
  2. Must take place in dilute acid solution. Acid acts as catalyst. Must use strong dilute acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Markovnikov’s rule

A

When asymmetrical alkenes react with a HX, the H goes to the carbon with the most H’s and the x to the fewest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dehydrohalogenation (Elimination)

  1. Reaction
  2. Reaction conditions
A

Elimination of HX from Haloalkane

  1. Haloalkane (Ethanol+NaOH/KOH)= Alkene + HX
    1. Haloalkane + KOH/NaOH (Ethanol)= Alkene + Salt + Water
  3. Haloalkane and Concentrated NaOH/KOH dissolved in ethanol and heated.
    * reverse Markovnikov’s rule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cracking of alkanes

A

The chemical process in which longer chain hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into shorter more useful molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dehydration (Elimination)

  1. Reaction
  2. Conditions for reaction
A

Elimination of Water from an Alcohol

  1. Alcohol (Conc. H2SO4)= Alkene + Water
  2. Heating of alcohol with excess concentrated sulphuric acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly

Physics (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions