Organic Compounds Flashcards
(27 cards)
Monosaccharides
Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
Disaccharides
Maltose = glucose + glucose
Lactose = glucose + galactose
Sucrose = glucose + fructose
Polysaccharides
Starch = glucose x4
Cellulose -> found in plant walls
Glycogen -> only in animals (stored version of glucose)
Test for glucose
Benedict’s solution:
Activate with water bath, red is positive, blue is negative
Test for starch
I53 Iodine:
Positive turns dark blue and negative remains iodine orange
Lipids hare held together by
Glycosidic bonds
Two groups of lipids are
Saturated and unsaturated
Why are organs covered in a fat layer
Insulation and protection from mechanical damage
What are lipids used for?
Absorption of vitamins and are a source of water
Dehydration synthesis
Break a bond and water is given off
Hydrolysis
When a bond is made and it creates water
Test for unsaturated fats
Ether test:
If the substance leaves an oily spot it is positive
Test for saturated fats
Emulsification:
Drop ethanol onto your substance, if it gives off a white substance the test is positive.
Side effects of too much fats being consumed:
Hypertension, cardiomegaly, angina, heart attack
Proteins are used for
Energy storage, and building of cell parts, transport of substances, and protection
How many types of amino acids are in the cells
23
Where are proteins made?
In the ribosomes
What organelle produces amino acids
The nucleolus
Two forms of protein strings
Globular and fibrous
How to test for proteins
Biuret test, negative is blue, positive is purple
Millions reagent, positive turns brick-red
Proteins are held together by a
Peptide bond
DNA
Deoxyribose nucleic acid
RNA
ribose nucleic acid
DNA has no
Oxygen
