ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Question 1

Molecules unique to living systems all contain carbon

Answer 1

Organic Compounds

Question 2

electroneutral (never lose or gain electrons)

Answer 2

Carbon

Question 3

large complex molecules with
thousands of atoms

Answer 3

Macromolecules

Question 4

chainlike molecules made of smaller, similar subunits
(monomers)

Answer 4

Polymers

Question 5

process of joining together monomers

Monomers are joined by removal of OH from one monomer and removal of H from the other at the site of bond formation.

Answer 5

Dehydration synthesis

Question 6

process of degrading molecules (water splitting)

Monomers are released by the addition of a water molecule, adding OH to one monomer and H to the other.

Answer 6

Hydrolysis

Question 7

includes sugars and starches

Answer 7

Carbohydrates

Question 8

simple sugars, single chain (e.g. glucose,
galactose, ribose)

Answer 8

Monosaccharides

Question 9

double sugar, two monosaccharides joined by
dehydration synthesis (sucrose, lactose, maltose)

Answer 9

Disaccharides

Question 10

polymers of simple sugars, large fairly insoluble
molecules (starch, cellulose – plants; glycogen – animals)

Answer 10

Polysaccharides

Question 11

provide ready, easily used source of cellular fuel

Answer 11

Functions

Question 12

insoluble in water but dissolve readily in other lipids, alcohol and ether

Answer 12

Lipids

Question 13

fats when solid; oil if liquid, yields large amounts of energy
* Composed of fatty acids and glycerol (simple sugar)
* Found mainly beneath the skin to prevent heat loss and protection

Answer 13

Triglycerides

Question 14

only with single covalent bonds between carbon atoms

Answer 14

Saturated fats

Question 15

contains one or more double bonds between carbon
atoms

Answer 15

Unsaturated fats

Question 16

solidified fats by addition of H atoms at carbon double
bonds

Answer 16

Trans fats

Question 17

modified triglycerides with glycerol, 2 fatty acids,
and phosphate group (PO4)

Answer 17

Phospholipids

Question 18

flat molecules made of interlocking hydrocarbon rings

Answer 18

Steroids

Question 19

essential for human life, found in cell membranes and
raw material for synthesis of vitamin D, steroid hormones and bile salts

Answer 19

Cholesterol

Question 20

lipids found in all cell membranes (e.g.
prostaglandins)

Answer 20

Eicosanoids

Question 21

basic structure material of the body and plays
vital roles in cell function

Answer 21

PROTEINS

Question 22

building blocks of protein

Answer 22

Amino acid

Question 23

globular proteins that act as biological
catalysts (substances that regulate and accelerate the
rate of biochemical reactions)

Answer 23

Enzymes

Question 24

substance on which an enzyme acts

Answer 24

Substrate