Organic Compounds and Functional Groups

Question 1

contain the element carbon

Answer 1

Organic Chemistry

Question 2

What are the 2 that organic compounds formerly considered?

Answer 2

-derived from living things
-impossible to synthesize

Question 3

produced urea

Answer 3

Friedrich Wohler

Question 4

a compound excreted by mammals

Answer 4

Urea

Question 5

What is urea made of?

Answer 5

by heating ammonium cyanate which is an inorganic mineral

Question 6

What are the properties of organic compounds?

Answer 6

1. All organic compounds contain carbon atoms and mostly contain hydrogen atoms.
2. Carbon forms single, double, and triple bonds to carbon atom.
3. Some compounds have chains of atoms and some compounds have rings.
4. Organic compounds may also contain other than carbon and hydrogen.

Question 7

any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen is called?

Answer 7

Heteroatom

Question 8

What are the most common heteroatoms?

Answer 8

nitrogen, oxygen, halogens (f, cl, br, and i)

Question 9

is an atom or a grp of atoms with a characteristic chemical and physical properties

Answer 9

Functional Groups

Question 10

What are the Functional Grp contains?

Answer 10

a heteroatom, a multiple bond, or sometimes both

Question 11

3 Types of Functional Grp

Answer 11

-hydrocarbons
-compounds with a single bond to a heteroatom
-compounds with a carbonyl grp

Question 12

contains C and H only

Answer 12

Hydrocarbons

Question 13

Most of the mass is in _____?

Answer 13

Nucleus

Question 14

Most of the volume is in ______?

Answer 14

Electron Cloud

Question 15

dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by an electron cloud containing electrons in a large vol. of space

Answer 15

Atomic Structure

Question 16

same no. of protons but different no. of neutrons

Answer 16

Isotopes

Question 17

the exact location of the electron cannot be known

Answer 17

Quantum Mechanical Model

Question 18

the probability that the electron will be in a certain region of space at a given instant

Answer 18

Electron Density

Question 19

used to describe orbitals

Answer 19

Quantum Numbers

Question 20

describes the orbitals occupied by the atom’s electrons when they are all in the available orbitals with the lowest energy

Answer 20

Ground-state electron configuration

Question 21

What is Core and Valence electrons?

Answer 21

Core is the electrons below the outermost shell and Valence is electrons in the outermost shell

Question 22

an attractive force between two ions or between two atoms

Answer 22

Chemical Bond

Question 23

Why do chemical bonds form?

Answer 23

because the compound that results is more stable and lower in energy that the separate atoms

Question 24

an atom is most stable if it’s outer shell is either filled or contains eight electrons, and it has no electrons of higher energy

Answer 24

Octet Rule

Question 25

How do chemical bonds form?

Answer 25

Octet rule

Question 26

attractive forces between opposite charges

Answer 26

Electrostatic attraction

Question 27

bond form as a result of the electrostatic attraction between ions of opposite charge

Answer 27

Ionic Bond

Question 28

bond formed as a result of sharing electrons between two nuclei

Answer 28

Covalent Bond

Question 29

compounds formed by covalent bonds

Answer 29

Molecular Compounds

Question 30

measure of the ability of an atom to pull the bonding electrons towards itself

Answer 30

Electronegativity

Question 31

What is nonpolar and polar covalent bond?

Answer 31

Nonpolar is with the same electronegativity while polar is with different electronegativity

Question 32

The electron-dot structure and line-bond structure

Answer 32

-Lewis structure -Kekule structure

Question 33

the charge the atom would have if each bonding electron pair in the molecule were shared equally between atoms

Answer 33

Formal Charge

Question 34

omitting of the covalent bonds and listing atoms bonded to a particular carbon next to it

Answer 34

Condensed Structures

Question 35

carbon atoms aren’t usually shown

Answer 35

Skeletal Structures

Question 36

based on arrangement of atoms in a molecule

Answer 36

Molecular Geometry

Question 37

based on valence electron pairs around a central atom

Answer 37

Electron Pair Geometry

Question 38

a model for the prediction of molecular geometry based on the minimization of electron repulsion between regions of electron density around an atom

Answer 38

Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Model

Question 39

assumes that the electrons in a molecule occupy overlapping atomic orbitals of the individual atoms

Answer 39

Valence Bond Theory

Question 40

assumes the formation of molecular orbitals from the atomic orbitals

Answer 40

Molecular Orbital Theory

Question 41

produces the molecular geometry of the molecule

Answer 41

Hybridization

Question 42

2 ways to combine atomic orbitals into molecular orbitals

Answer 42

Additive and Subtractive

Question 43

two individual line-bond structures

Answer 43

Resonance Forms