Organic Introductions

Question 1

Saturated

Answer 1

Contain single carbon-carbon bonds only.

Question 2

Unsaturated

Answer 2

Contains c=c double bond

Question 3

Molecular formula

Answer 3

Formula which shows the actual number of each type of atom

Question 4

Empirical formula

Answer 4

Simplest whole number ratio of each atom in a compound

Question 5

General formula

Answer 5

Algebraic formula for a homozygous series

Question 6

Structural formula

Answer 6

Minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

Question 7

Displayed formula

Answer 7

Shows all covalent bonds and atoms present in a molecule

Question 8

Skeletal formula

Answer 8

Simplified organic formula shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains leaving just a skeletal skeleton and associated functional groups

Question 9

Homozygous series

Answer 9

Families of organic compounds with the same general formula

Question 10

Homozygous series features are:

Answer 10

Show gradual change in physical properties
Each member differs by one CH2 from the last
Same chemical properties

Question 11

Alkane functional group and suffix

Answer 11

C-C

Ane

Question 12

Alkene functional group and suffix

Answer 12

C=C ene

Question 13

Alcohol functional group and suffixes

Answer 13

Ol-ending
Hydroxy-beginning
C-OH

Question 14

Halogen alkane functional group and suffix

Answer 14

Chlorine-chloro
Bromine-bromo
Iodine-iodo
C-halogen

Question 15

Aldehydes functional group and suffix

Answer 15

O=C-H
Al-ending
Formyl-beginning

Question 16

Ketones functional group and suffix

Answer 16

O=C
One-ending
Oxo-beginning

Question 17

Carboxylic acid functional group and suffix

Answer 17

O=C-H

Oic acid

Question 18

Esthers functional group and suffix

Answer 18

O=C-O

Yl oate

Question 19

1 carbon

Answer 19

Meth

Question 20

2 carbons

Answer 20

Eth

Question 21

3 carbons

Answer 21

Prop

Question 22

4 carbons

Answer 22

But

Question 23

5 carbons

Answer 23

Pent

Question 24

6 carbons

Answer 24

Hex

Question 25

7 carbons

Answer 25

Hept

Question 26

8 carbons

Answer 26

Oct

Question 27

9 carbons

Answer 27

Non

Question 28

10 carbons

Answer 28

Dec

Question 29

How do you tell the positions of functional groups?

Answer 29

Count how many carbons go from lowest to highest

Question 30

Which come first functional groups or branched carbon chains

Answer 30

Functional groups

Question 31

What happens if there are multiple of the functional group

Answer 31

Di tri tetra penta hexa

Question 32

General rules for naming carbon chains

Answer 32

Count longest chain Find any branched and how many carbons they contain Add appropriate suffixes

Question 33

Hydrocarbon

Answer 33

Compound made of carbon and hydrogen only

Question 34

Homolytic fission define

Answer 34

Each atom gets one electron the covalent bond | Half curly arrow

Question 35

How many radicals does homolytic fission produce?

Answer 35

Two

Question 36

Free radicals are:

Answer 36

``` Free radicals (•) don't have charge Reactive species which possess an unpaired electron ```

Question 37

Heterolytic fission

Answer 37

One atom gets two electrons | ↩️

Question 38

Structural isomers

Answer 38

Same molecular formula different structures (structural formulae)

Question 39

What can structural isomerism come from?

Answer 39

Chain isomerism Position isomerism Functional group isomerisms

Question 40

Chain isomers are?

Answer 40

Compounds with same molecular formula but different structures carbon skeleton

Question 41

Position isomerism

Answer 41

Compounds with same molecular formula but different structures due to different positions of the same functional group in the carbon skeleton.

Question 42

Functional group isomerisms

Answer 42

Compounds with same molecular formula but different functional group

Question 43

Stereoisomers

Answer 43

Same structural formula but different spatial arrangement of atoms

Question 44

What isomerisms can alkenes exhibit?

Answer 44

E-Z isomerism

Question 45

When do E-Z isomerism arise?

Answer 45

Restricted rotation around c=c double bond | Two different groups/atoms attached to both ends of the double bond

Question 46

Why do E-Z isomers exist?

Answer 46

Restricted rotation about c=c bonds

Question 47

Do e-z isomerism happen in single bond

Answer 47

No because they can easily rotate

Question 48

How do determine whether a molecules is E or Z?

Answer 48

Find highest Ar If largest are on the same side then Z If largest on both sides then E