Organic nitrogen compounds Flashcards
why are amines considered bases?
Bases are proton acceptors (h+). The nitrogen atom present in the amines has a lone pair of electrons that they donate to a (h+) ion forming a dative bond
why are amines considered bases?
Bases are proton acceptors (h+). The nitrogen atom present in the
which is a stronger base between ethylamine, phenylamine and ammonia
the strength of the bases like ammonia and the amines depends on the availability of the lone pair of electrons in the N atom.
ethylamine is a stronger base than ammonia because ethylamine has an alkyl group present which increases its positive inductive effect. electrons are donated to the N making it more ready to react. while the N atom in ammonia is only bonded to an H atom
Ammonia is a stronger base than phenylamine because one of the p-orbitals on the N atoms in phenylamine overlaps with the phi bonds in the benzene ring making the lone pair of electrons in the N less available because its delocalised in the benzene ring.
what are the conditions for forming ethylamine ( without forming a secondary or tertiary amine)?
excess hot ethanolic ammonia under pressure
what happens to the HBr formed when reacting bromoethane and ammonia
the HBr reacts with excess NH3 to form NH4+BR- before it could react with ethylamine. The excess ammonia also reduces the chances of bromoethane getting attacked by ethylamine coz its also a nucleophile
what is needed to prepare a secondary amine and what are the conditions needed
You use a halogenoalkane and a primary amine and react them again in ethanol, heated in a sealed tube under pressure
how is ethylamine formed from ethantiriles and what are the conditions needed?
Also what is the equation
how is LiALH4 used in the formation of ethylamide and what is the equation?
it can be used to reduce amides to amines. the carbonyl group in the ethyl amide can be reduced to ethylamine.
how is phenyl amide prepared and what are the conditions needed + what is the equation + what kind of reaction is it?
it is made by reducing nitrobenzene. It is reduced by heating nitrobenzene under reflux with tin and concentrated HCl.
Nitrobenzene + 6(H) —-> Phenyl amide + 2H2O
It is a reduction reaction.
what are the steps in the formation of azo dye ( in order) and name them + their equations
- step is that Benzenediazonium chloride is formed by reacting phenylamine and nitrous acid. This reaction is called diazotisation.
- step is called a coupling reaction. Its a rxn btwn a diazonium salt and an alkaline solution of phenol.
what makes azo dye a stable cpd
The phi bond in the benzene ring extends to the (-N=N-) azo group which acts a bridge btwn the 2 rings.
why are amino acids considered amphoteric
They contain a (-NH2) which is basic and a (-COOH) which is acidic.
what would make an amino acid either basic, acidic or amphoteric
if the R-group is replaced by either another -COOH (acidic),
-NH2 (basic) or
an alkyl group (which makes it neutral)
what is a zwitterion and how is it formed?
It is an ion that has separate positively and negatively charged ions.
what happens to an amino acid when moderate amounts of acids or bases are added to it?
The zwitterions are amphoteric and also act as buffer solutions so it would resist the changes.
