Organic Pathways Flashcards

(34 cards)

1
Q

Alkane general formula

A

CnH2n+2

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2
Q

Alkene general formula

A

CnH2n

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3
Q

Alkyne general formula

A

CnH2n-2

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4
Q

What is a unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

Hydrocarbon with at least one carbon carbon (double or triple) bond

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5
Q

Haloalkane functional group

A

C-X

(where X is Br,I,Cl,F)

Fluro, Bromo, Iodo, chloro

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6
Q

Amine functional group

A

R-NH2 (single bonds)
-amine

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7
Q

Amide functional group

A

C=ONH2
-amide

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8
Q

Alcohol functional group

A

OH
-ol

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9
Q

Aldehyde functional group

A

C=O (on a terminal carbon)

FOR SEMI STRUCTURAL SHOW THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP AS CHO RATHER THAN COH

-anal

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10
Q

Ketone functional group

A

C=O (on a carbon within the carbon chain)

-one

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11
Q

Carboxylic acid functional group

A

C=OOH

-oic acid

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12
Q

Ester functional group

A

C=OO

yl (alcohol stem) oate (carboxylic acid stem)-carbon with double bond to oxygen

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13
Q

Functional group priority

A

carboxylic acid
ester
amide
aldehyde
ketone
alcohol
amine
alkene
alkyne
alkane

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14
Q

prefix for carboxylic acid

A

carboxy-

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15
Q

prefix for aldehyde

A

formyl-

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16
Q

prefix for ketone

17
Q

prefix for alcohol

18
Q

prefix for amine

19
Q

Alkane + X (Cl2,Br2,F2,I2) –>

A

Alkane + X –> Haloalkane + H-X (Br,Cl,I,F)
reagents: UV light

20
Q

Haloalkane –> Alcohol

A

Haloalkane + NaOH/KOH –> Alcohol + NaX/KX

21
Q

Haloalkane –> Amine

A

Haloalkane –> amine + H-X

reagents: (NH3 and ethanol solution)

22
Q

Primary alcohol oxidation –>

A

Partial oxidation –> aldehyde
Complete oxidation –> carboxylic acid

reagents: MnO4-/H+ or Cr2O72-/H+

23
Q

Secondary alcohol oxidation –>

A

Secondary alcohol –> Ketone

reagents: Cr2O72-/H+ or MnO4-/H+

24
Q

Esters are produced by — reactions

A

esterification / condensation reaction

25
--> ester
carboxylic acid + alcohol --> ester + WATER reagents: conc. H2SO4
26
What undergoes addition reactions
alkenes
27
what undergoes substitution reactions
alkanes
28
Hydrolysis of ester-->
ester + H2O --> alcohol + carboxylic acid reagent: H+
29
Hydrogenation of alkenes -->
alkene + H2 --> alkane reagents: Ni catalyst and 150 degrees
30
Hydrohalogenation of alkenes -->
alkene + H-X (Br,I,F,Cl) --> Haloalkane reagents : SLC or room temp
31
Halogenation of alkenes -->
alkene + X-X (Br2,I2,Cl2,F2) --> di-haloalkane
32
Alkene --> alcohol
alkene + H2O --> alcohol (hydration of alkene) reagents: phosphoric acid catalyst, 300 degrees
33
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