Organic Pathways Flashcards
(23 cards)
State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn an alkane into a haloalkane.
- free radical substitution
- halogen e.g. Cl2, Br2
- UV light
State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn a haloalkane into an amine.
- nucleophillic substitution
- NH3 (in excess)
State the mechanism & reagent required to turn an amine into an amide.
- nucleophillic addition elimination
- acyl chloride or acid anhydride
State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn a haloalkane into a nitrile.
- nucleophillic substitution
- KCN
- hot ethanolic conditions
State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn a nitrile into an amine.
- electrophillic addition (hydrogenation)
- H2
- Ni catalyst
State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn an alkene into an alkane.
- electrophillic addition
- H2
- hot (150*) & Ni catalyst
State the mechanism & reagent required to turn an alkene into a haloalkane.
- electrophillic addition
- HBr
State the reagent required to turn a haloalkane into an alkene.
- NaOH
State the mechanism & reagent required to turn a haloalkane into an alcohol.
- nucleophillic substitution
- NaOH
State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn an alkene into an alcohol.
- electrophillic addition
- H2SO4
- warm & dilute
State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn an alcohol into an alkene.
- elimination
- Conc. H2SO4
- heat
State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn an alcohol into an aldehyde.
- oxidation
- acidified potassium dichromate VI
- distill
State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn an alcohol into a carboxylic acid
- oxidation
- 2 acidified potassium dichromate VI
- reflux
State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn carboxylic acid into an aldehyde/ alcohol.
- NaBH4
- reduction
- nucleophillic addition
State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn an aldehyde into an alcohol.
- NaBH4
- Nucleophillic addition
- reduction
State the mechanism & reagent required to turn an alcohol into a ketone
- oxidation
- acidified potassium dichromate VI
State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn a ketone into an alcohol.
- nucleophillic addition
- NaBH4
- reduction
State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn a ketone into a 2-hydroxynitrile.
- nucleophillic addition
- KCN
- acidic conditions ie. H2SO4
State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn an aldehyde into a 2- hydroxynitrile
- nucleophillic addition
- KCN
- acidic conditions ie. H2SO4
State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn an alkene into an alkyl hydrogensulphate.
- electrophillic addition
- conc H2SO4
- can be in cold
State the mechanism & reagent required to turn an alkyl hydrogensulphate into an alcohol.
- nucleophillic substitution
- boil in water
State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn a carboxylic acid into an ester.
- esterification & condensation reaction
- alcohol
- H2SO4 & heat
State the mechanism, reagent, and conditions required to turn an alcohol into an ester.
- carboxylic acid
- H2SO4 & heat
OR - acyl chloride
OR - acid anhydride
