Organic Qualitative Analysis Flashcards
(13 cards)
Test and observation for an Alkene
Add bromine water.
Bromine water is decolourised.
Test and observation for a chloroalkane
Add aqueous silver nitrate and ethanol and warm to 50°C.
White precipitate forms.
Test and observation for a bromoalkane
Add aqueous silver nitrate and ethanol and warm to 50°C.
Cream precipitate forms.
Test and observation for an iodoalkane
Add aqueous silver nitrate and ethanol and warm to 50°C.
Yellow precipitate forms.
Test for a carbonyl (aldehyde/ketone)
Add 2,4-DNP
Orange precipitate forms
Test for an aldehyde
Add ammoniacal silver nitrate solution/Tollens’ Heat
Silver mirror forms
Test for primary and secondary alcohols
Add acidified dichromate(VI) ions
Heat
Orange to green colour change
Test for Carboxylic Acid
Add sodium carbonate solution
Bubbles/effervescence
Test for a phenol
Add bromine
Bromine is decolourised and a white precipitate forms
or
Test pH below 7 to show that it’s acidic
Add sodium carbonate and no bubbles should be produced
Test to confirm the identity of a carbonyl
Add 2,4-DNP
Purify precipitate by recrystallisation
Measure the melting point of purified 2,4-DNP derivative
Compare to known data values
Description of a primary alcohol
Hydroxyl group is bonded to a C which has one carbon group and two hydrogen directly attached
Description of a secondary alcohol
Hydroxyl group is bonded to a C which has two carbon groups and one hydrogen directly attached
Description of a tertiary alcohol
Hydroxyl group is bonded to a C which is bonded to three carbon groups
