Organic Reactions Flashcards
(23 cards)
Alkanes to Halogenoalkanes?
Free radical Substitution
+HCL
Using UV Light
Alcohol to Halogenoalkane?
Substitution
+PCl5
+HBr(50/50 KBr + Sulphuric acid)
+PI3 (P + I2)
Alkenes to Halogenoalkanes?
Halogenation: Electrophilic Addition
+ HBr/HCl/HI
Halogenoalkanes to Alkenes
Nucleophilic Elimination
+NaOH (aq)
Halogenoalkanes to Nitriles?
Nucleophilic Substitution
+KCN +Sulphuric Acid
Dissolved in ethanol + Reflux
Halogenoalkanes to Amines?
Nucleophilic Addition
+Ammonia
In ethanol, heat, sealed container
Amines to Amides?
+ Acyl Chlorides
Acyl Chlorides to Amides?
+ Conc Ammonia
Or
+ Primary Amine
Alkenes to Alkanes?
Hydrogenation: Addition
Nickel catalyst, High temp
+H2
Alkenes to Alcohols?
Hydration: Addition
Phosphoric acid catalyst, high temp and pressure
+H20
Alkenes to Alcohols (Diols)?
+Dilute cold acidified manganate VII ions
RTP or colder
Alcohol to Alkenes?
Dehydration: Elimination
+Conc Sulphuric acid
H3PO catalyst
Alcohols to Keytones?
Oxidation
Sodium dichromate, heat + distillation
Alcohol must be secondary
Alcohols to Aldehydes?
Partial Oxidation
Sodium dichromate
Heat and distillation
Alcohol must be primary
Aldehydes to Alcohols
Reduction
LiAlH4
Alcohols to Carboxylic Acids?
Full Oxidation
Sodium dichromate
Reflux and Distillation
Alcohol must be primary
Carboxylic Acids to Alcohols?
Reduction
LiAlH4
Alcohols to Esters?
Reflux + strong acid catalyst
Carboxylic acid or Acyl Chloride
Acyl Chlorides to Esters?
Add Alcohol
Carboxylic Acids to Esters?
Reflux + Strong acid catalyst
Alcohol
Carboxylic Acids to Acyl Chlorides?
Add PCl5
Acyl Chlorides to Carboxylic Acid?
Hydrolysis
Add Water
Nitriles to Carboxylic Acids?
Hydrolysis
Water from aqueous solution
Acid or Base Condition
