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chemistry > organic reagents and conditions w some mechanismy things > Flashcards

organic reagents and conditions w some mechanismy things Flashcards

1
Q

reagent for carboxylic acid to acyl chloride?
what other products are produced?

A

SOCl2
other products: SO2 and HCl

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2
Q

reagents for acyl chloride to carboxylic acid?
what other products are produced?

A

H20
other products: HCl

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3
Q

reagents and conditions for haloalkane to nitrile?
other products produced?

A

reagents: KCN in ethanol
other products: KCl

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4
Q

reagents and conditions for carbonyl to hydroxynitrile?

A

reagents: KCN/H+ (aq) or HCN(aq)

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5
Q

reagents and conditions for benzene to aromatic ketone?

A

acyl chloride/AlCl3

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6
Q

reagents and conditions for phenol to nitrophenol?

A

HNO3(aq)

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7
Q

reagents and conditions for alkane to (mono)haloalkane?
other products produced?

A

reagents: X2
conditions: UV light
other produced: HX

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8
Q

reagents and conditions for alkene to dihalolalkane?

A

X2

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9
Q

reagents and conditions for alkene to (mono)haloalkane?

A

HX

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10
Q

reagents and conditions for alcohol to (mono)haloalkane?
other products produced?

A

reagents: NaX/H2SO4
other products: H20

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11
Q

reagents and conditions for benzene to halobenzene?
other products produced?

A

Cl2 / AlCl3
OR
Br2 / FeBr3
other products: HX

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12
Q

reagents and conditions for phenol to bromophenol?
other products produced?

A

Br2
other products: HBr

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13
Q

reagents and conditions for nitrobenzene to phenylamine?
other products produced?

A

reagents: Sn / concentrated HCl
other products: H20

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14
Q

reagents and conditions for alkene to alkane

A

H2 / Ni catalyst

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15
Q

reagents and conditions for primary alcohol to aldehyde?
other products produced?

A

reagents: acidified potassium dichromate
conditions: heat under distillation
other products: H20

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16
Q

reagents and conditions for primary alcohol to carboxylic acid?
other products produced?

A

reagents: acidified potassium dichromate
conditions: heat under reflux
other products: H20

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17
Q

reagents and conditions for secondary alcohol to ketone?
other products produced?

A

reagents: acidified potassium dichromate
conditions: heat under reflux
other products: H20

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18
Q

reagents and conditions for aldehyde to carboxylic acid?

A

reagents: acidified potassium dichromate
conditions: heat under reflux

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19
Q

reagents and conditions for aldehyde to primary alcohol?

A

NaBH4
- written as 2[H] in equations

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20
Q

reagents and conditions for ketone to secondary alcohol?

A

NaBH4
written as 2[H] in equations

21
Q

reagents and conditions for nitrile to amine?

A

H2 / Ni

22
Q

reagents and conditions for haloalkane to alcohol?
other products produced?

A

reagents: NaOH
conditions: reflux
other products: X-

23
Q

reagents and conditions for carboxylic acid to carboxylate salt?
other products produced?

A

NaOH(aq)
other products: H20

24
Q

reagents and conditions for acyl chloride to primary amide?

A

excess NH3

25
Q

reagents and conditions for ester to carboxylate salt + alcohol

A

reagents: NaOH
conditions: heat

26
Q

reagents and conditions for haloalkane to primary amine?

A

excess NH3 in ethanol

27
Q

reagents and conditions for amide to carboxylate salt and amine

A

reagents: NaOH
conditions: heat

28
Q

reagents and conditions for phenol to sodium phenoxide?

A

NaOH

29
Q

reagents and conditions for carboxylic acid and ester?

A

alcohol and concentrated H2SO4

30
Q

reagents and conditions for alcohol to ester?

A

carboxylic acid / concentrated H2S04

31
Q

reagents and conditions for acyl chloride to secondary amide?

A

excess primary amine

32
Q

reagents and conditions for phenol to ester?

A

acyl chloride

33
Q

reagents and conditions for phenol to ester?

A

acid anhydride

34
Q

reagents and conditions for benzene to alkylbenzene?

A

haloalkane / AlCl3

35
Q

reagents and conditions for haloalkane to alcohol?

A

H20 / AgNO3

36
Q

reagents and conditions for alkene to alcohol?

A

reagents: H20 (g) / H3PO4
conditions: temp > 100C

37
Q

reagents and conditions for alcohol to alkene?

A

reagents: H3PO4 or H2SO4
conditions: heat
- also produces water

38
Q

reagents and conditions for ester to carboxylic acid + alcohol?

A

H+ (aq)
heat

39
Q

reagents and conditions for amide to carboxylic acid + amine?

A

H+ (aq)
heat

40
Q

reagents and conditions for amine to amine salt?

A

HCl (aq)

41
Q

reagents and conditions for nitrile to carboxylic acid?

A

HCl or H+ WITH H20

42
Q

reagents and conditions for benzene to nitrobenzene?

A

concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid

43
Q

name the type of mechanism involved in the reaction of alkene with Br2 or HBr?

A

electrophilic addition

44
Q

name the type of mechanism that haloalkanes undergo

A

nucleophilic substitution

45
Q

name the mechanism that benzene undergoes

A

electrophilic substitution

46
Q

name the type of mechanisms that carbonyls undergo?

A

nucleophilic addition

47
Q

define nucleophile

A

electron pair donor

48
Q

define electrophile

A

electron pair acceptor

49
Q

limitations of radical substitution of alkanes?

A

substitution of another carbon, multiple organic products formed

chemistry (1 decks)

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