Organic Structure

Question 1

Describe the relationship between boiling point and chain length

Answer 1

boiling point increases with chain length (increased dispersion forces)

Question 2

A substance with a low melting point and high solubility in cyclohexane is most likely to be an _______.

Answer 2

Alkane / hydrocarbon

Question 3

Does a ‘cis’ or a ‘trans’ geometrical isomer have similar substituents on the opposite side of a double bond?

Answer 3

trans

Question 4

What are the prefixes used to represent the number of carbons? List 1-10

Answer 4

Meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec

Question 5

Name the classes of organic compounds that have functional groups that contain nitrogen?

Answer 5

Amines, amides and nitriles

Question 6

What are the prefixes used to show multiple branches of the same type?

Answer 6

Di, tri, tetra and penta

Question 7

Name the classes of organic compounds that have functional groups with oxygen in them?

Answer 7

Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters

Question 8

What class/es of organic compounds contain a carbonyl functional group?

Answer 8

Aldehydes and ketones

Question 9

Sequence in order of increasing solubility in water - carboxylic acid, ketone, alcohol

Answer 9

Ketone, alcohol, carboxylic acid (dipole only, H-bonding, 2x H- bonding)

Question 10

What class of organic compound contains a hydroxyl functional group?

Answer 10

Alcohols

Question 11

What differs between primary, secondary and tertiary amides?

Answer 11

The number of alkyl (R) groups attached to the nitrogen atom

Question 12

What does the suffix “yne” in a name represent?

Answer 12

The presence of one or more triple bonds

Question 13

What does the functional group of an ester look like?

Answer 13

They have a carbon that has both a carbonyl group and an oxygen that is linked to another carbon

Question 14

What functional group do amides have?

Answer 14

An amine group attached to a carbon with a carbonyl group attached to it

Question 15

What does the name of a branch end in?

Answer 15

‘yl’

Question 16

What functional group do carboxylic acids have?

Answer 16

Carboxyl functional group or COOH

Question 17

What does the
suffix “ane” in a name represent?

Answer 17

Single bonds or saturated

Question 18

What is a carbonyl functional group?

Answer 18

A double bonded oxygen to a carbon (C=O)

Question 19

What does the
suffix “ene” in a name represent?

Answer 19

The presence of
one or more
double bonds

Question 20

What is a carboxyl functional group?

Answer 20

COOH - a double bonded oxygen and a hydroxyl group attached to the same carbon

Question 21

What is a functional group?

Answer 21

An atom or a group of atoms in an organic compound that determines the reactivity and properties of that compound

Question 22

What is a straight chained alkane?

Answer 22

A hydrocarbon that contains all single bonds with no branches

Question 23

What is a geometrical isomer?

Answer 23

Compounds that have the same atoms but have a different arrangement of atoms around a double bond

Question 24

What is a structural isomer?

Answer 24

Organic molecules that have the same molecular formula but different bonds between the atoms

Question 25

What is a homologous series?

Answer 25

A group of organic molecules with the same functional group but a different number of carbon atoms in the main chain

Question 26

What is the difference between a primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol?

Answer 26

The number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon that the hydroxyl is attached to

Question 27

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 27

An organic compound that only contains carbon and hydrogen

Question 28

What is the difference between the positioning of the carbonyl functional group in ketones and aldehydes?

Answer 28

Aldehydes have the functional group on an end carbon. Ketones have them on a carbon in the middle of the parent chain

Question 29

What is a hydroxyl functional group?

Answer 29

OH

Question 30

What is the functional group in the nitrile class of organic molecules?

Answer 30

A carbon triple bonded to a nitrogen

Question 31

What is the rule when assigning a number to show the location of a functional group?

Answer 31

Always give the carbon that the functional group is attached to the lowest possible number

Question 32

What suffix is used in the naming of alcohols?

Answer 32

ol

Question 33

What molecule are amines and amides derived from?

Answer 33

Ammonia (NH3)

Question 34

What suffix is used in the naming of the nitrile class of organic molecules?

Answer 34

nitrile

Question 35

What suffix is used for amines?

Answer 35

amine

Question 36

What suffix is used to name amides?

Answer 36

amide

Question 37

What suffix is used in the names of an ester?

Answer 37

... yl ...oate

Question 38

What type of functional group does a haloalkane contain?

Answer 38

Halogens such as chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine

Question 39

What suffix is used in the names of carboxylic acids?

Answer 39

oic acid

Question 40

Which is more volatile - pentane or dimethylpropane?

Answer 40

Dimethyl propane (branches reduce IMF strength)

Question 40

Where is the hydroxyl functional group located in a primary alcohol?

Answer 40

It is always attached to a carbon on the end of a carbon parent chain

Question 41

Why are the smaller alcohols e.g. ethanol more soluble in water?

Answer 41

Polar molecules that H-bond allows increased solubility. Smaller carbon chain does not interfer with the H- bonding.