Organic Synthesis

Question 1

What’s the reagents and conditions for alcohol to aldehyde?

Answer 1

Potassium dichromate, sulfuric acid, distill a primary alcohol

Question 2

What’s the reagents and conditions for aldehyde to alcohol?

Answer 2

LiAlH4 in dry ether
Or NaBH4 in methanol and water

Question 3

What’s the reagents and conditions for aldehyde to carboxylic acid?

Answer 3

Potassium dichromate, sulfuric acid and reflux

Question 4

What’s the reagents and conditions for alcohol to ketone?

Answer 4

Potassium dichromate, sulfuric acid, heat secondary alcohol in a reflux kit

Question 5

What’s the reagents and conditions for ketone to alcohol?

Answer 5

LiAlH4 in dry ether
Or NaBH4 in methanol and water

Question 6

What’s the reagents and conditions for alcohol to alkene?

Answer 6

Concentrated sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid and heat

Question 7

What’s the reagents and conditions for alkene to alcohol?

Answer 7

Steam, phosphoric acid catalyst, 60 atm and 300°c

Question 8

What’s the reagents and conditions for alcohol to haloalkane?

Answer 8

Sodium halide, sulfuric acid and 20°c

Question 9

What’s the reagents and conditions for haloalkane to alcohol?

Answer 9

Warm sodium hydroxide, water and reflux

Question 10

What’s the reagents and conditions for alkane to haloalkane?

Answer 10

Halogen and UV light

Question 11

What’s the reagents and conditions for alkene to haloalkane?

Answer 11

Hydrogen halide at 20°c

Question 12

What’s the reagents and conditions for haloalkane to alkene?

Answer 12

Potassium hydroxide, ethanol and reflux

Question 13

What’s the reagents and conditions for alkene to dihaloalkane?

Answer 13

Halogen at 20°c

Question 14

What’s the reagents and conditions for alkene to diol?

Answer 14

Acidified potassium manganate (KMnO4) at 20°c

Question 15

What’s the reagents and conditions for alkene to alkane?

Answer 15

Hydrogen, Nickel catalyst at 150°c

Question 16

What’s the reagents and conditions for alcohol to iodoalkane?

Answer 16

Iodine (I2), red phosphorous, reflux

Question 17

What’s the reagents and conditions for carboxylic acid to alcohol?

Answer 17

LiAlH4 in ether

Question 18

What’s the reagents and conditions for haloalkane to nitrile?

Answer 18

Potassium cyanide, ethanol, reflux

Question 19

What’s the reagents and conditions for nitrile to primary amine?

Answer 19

• LiAlH4 and dilute H2SO4
• H2, Nickel catalyst, high temp and pressure
• sodium, ethanol, reflux

Question 20

What’s the reagents and conditions for haloalkane to primary amine?

Answer 20

Ammonia and heat

Question 21

What’s the reagents and conditions for nitrile to carboxylic acid?

Answer 21

Dilute HCl and reflux

Question 22

What’s the reagents and conditions for haloalkane to carboxylic acid?

Answer 22

Mg, dry ether, CO2 in dilute acid. (Grignard reagent)

Question 23

What’s the reagents and conditions for aldehyde/ketone to hydroxynitrile?

Answer 23

Potassium cyanide, sulfuric acid at 20°c

Question 24

What’s the reagents and conditions for acyl chloride to carboxylic acid?

Answer 24

Water at 20°c

Question 25

What’s the reagents and conditions for carboxylic acid to acyl chloride?

Answer 25

SOCl2

Question 26

What’s the reagents and conditions for aldehyde/ketone to ester?

Answer 26

Conc sulfuric acid, alcohol, heat and catalyst

Question 27

What’s the reagents and conditions for ester to carboxylic acid?

Answer 27

- Dilute sulfuric acid, water, reflux and catalyst - dilute sodium hydroxide, reflux

Question 28

What’s the reagents and conditions for ester to alcohol?

Answer 28

Dilute acid or alkali, reflux

Question 29

What’s the reagents and conditions for alcohol to ester?

Answer 29

- Carboxylic acid, acid catalyst, heat - acyl chloride

Question 30

What’s the reagents and conditions for acyl chloride to primary amide?

Answer 30

Ammonia at 20 degrees

Question 31

What’s the reagents and conditions for benzene to nitrobenzene?

Answer 31

Conc sulfuric acid and conc nitric acid, less than 55 degrees

Question 32

What’s the reagents and conditions for benzene to phenylamime?

Answer 32

Conc HCl, tin and reflux. Add NaOH

Question 33

What’s the reagents and conditions for benzene to phenylketone?

Answer 33

Acid chloride and aluminium chloride catalyst, reflux, anhydrous conditions

Question 34

What’s the reagents and conditions for benzene to halobenzene?

Answer 34

Halogen, aluminium chloride catalyst in warm conditions

Question 35

What’s the reagents and conditions for benzene to alkylbenzene?

Answer 35

Haloalkane, AlCl3 catalyst, under reflux

Question 36

What’s the reagents and conditions for phenol to sodium phenoxide?

Answer 36

NaOH at 20 degrees

Question 37

What’s the reagents and conditions for phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol?

Answer 37

Bromine water at 20 degrees