organic synthesis Flashcards by Dave .

Q

alkene to alkane

A

H2 / NI

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Q

alkene to haloalkane

A

hydrogen halide or just the element

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Q

alkene to alcohol

A

steam/H3PO4

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Q

alcohol to alkene

A

H2SO4, heat

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Q

alkane to haloalkane

A

halogen/UV

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Q

haloalkane to nitrile

A

CN-/ ethanol

can be KCN

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Q

haloalkane to amine

A

NH3/ethanol

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Q

haloalkane to alcohol

A

NaOH or KOH

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Q

alcohol to haloalkane

A

sodium halide/H2SO4

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Q

nitrile to amine

A

H2/Ni

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Q

nitrile to carboxylic acid

A

H2O/HCl heat

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Q

hydroxynitrile to amine

A

H2/Ni

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Q

2 alcohol to ketone

A

acidified potassium dichromate, reflux

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Q

ketone to 2 alcohol

A

NaBH4

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Q

1 alcohol to aldehyde

A

acidified potassium dichromate, distillation

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Q

aldehyde to alcohol

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A

NaBH4

Q

1 alcohol to carboxylic acid

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A

acidified potassium dichromate, reflux

Q

alcohol to ester

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A

Carboxylic acid/ conc. H2SO4

Q

ketone to hydroxynitrile

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A

NaCN/H+

Q

aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

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A

NaCN/H+

Q

carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

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A

SOCl2 special kid

Q

acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

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A

H2O

Q

carboxylic acid to ester

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A

alcohol/conc. H2SO4

Q

ester to carboxylic acid

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A

dilute acid, heat

ester to carboxylate

OH- heat

acyl chloride to 1 amide

NH3

acyl chloride to 2 amide

primary amine

acyl chloride to ester

alcohol

ben to nitroben

conc. HNO3 conc. H2SO4 HNO3 + H2SO4 --> NO2+ + HSO4- + H20

nitroben to aminoben

tin(Sn)/Conc. HCl

ben to haloben

Br2/ AlBr3 or Cl2/AlCl3

ben to methylben

CH3Cl/AlCl3