Organic Synthesis Flashcards
(19 cards)
Haloalkane to amine
NH3/ethanol
Haloalkane to alcohol
NaOH/H2O/reflux
Secondary Alcohol to Ketone
Oxidise with acidified potassium dichromate/H+
Primary alcohol to aldehyde
Oxidise with acidified potassium dichromate/H+
Aldehyde to a carboxylic acid
Oxidise of acidified potassium dichromate/H+/reflux
Carboxylic acid to ester
Alcohol/H2SO4 catalyst/reflux
Aldehyde to alcohol
NaBH4/reduction
Ketone to alcohol
Reduce with NaBH4
Alcohol to ester
Carboxylic acid/H2SO4 catalyst/reflux
Ester to carboxylate plus alcohol
OH-/H+/hydrolysis
Ester to Carboxylic acid plus alcohol
H2O/H+/hydrolysis
Test for carboxylic acid
Sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogencarbonate
Effervescence/CO2 produced
Test for aldehyde or ketone
2,4DNPH
Red-orange crystalline precipitate
Test for aldehyde (2)
Ammonical silver nitrate (Tollen’s)
Silver mirror or grey precipitate
Fehling’s solution
Blue solution fades and brick red precipitate forms
Test for primary/secondary alcohol or aldehyde
Acidified potassium dichromate
Orange to green colour change
Test for carbon-carbon double bond (2)
Bromine water
Orange/brown to colourless colour change
Potassium Permanganate
Purple to colourless
Test for C-Cl
Sodium hydroxide, acidification with nitric acid, then addition of silver nitrate solution
White precipitate, soluble in dilute ammonia solution
Test for C-Br
Sodium hydroxide, acidification with nitric acid, then addition of silver nitrate solution
Cream precipitate, soluble in conc ammonia solution
Test for -C-I
Sodium hydroxide, acidification with nitric acid, then addition of silver nitrate solution
Yellow precipitate, insoluble in conc ammonia solution
