Organic Synthesis Pathways P2

Question 1

Alkene to alkane

Answer 1

Hydrogenation, hydrogen and nickel catalyst

Question 2

Alkene to haloalkane

Answer 2

Electrophilic addition (halogenation), halogen or a gaseous hydrogen halide

Question 3

Alkene to polymer

Answer 3

200C, 2000atm, Ziegler catalyst (small amount of oxygen radical as the initiator)

Question 4

Alkene to alcohol

Answer 4

Steam, 300C, concentrated H2SO4 catalyst or phosphoric acid

Question 5

Alkane to haloalkane

Answer 5

Free radical substitution, UV light, halogen

Question 6

Alcohol to alkene

Answer 6

Dehydration, concentrated H2SO4, heat

Question 7

Glucose to alcohol

Answer 7

Fermentation, yeast, warmth

Question 8

Alcohol to haloalkane

Answer 8

Sodium halide, concentrated H2SO4

Sodium halide reacts with hydroxide group to form HCl for electrophilic addition

Question 9

Haloalkane to alcohol

Answer 9

Nucleophilic substitution, 60C, sodium hydroxide (aqueous alkali), reflux

Question 10

Primary alcohol to aldehyde

Answer 10

Distillation, K2Cr2O7/H+

Question 11

Secondary alcohol to ketone

Answer 11

Reflux, K2Cr2O7/H+

Question 12

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid

Answer 12

Reflux, excess K2Cr2O7/H+