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chemistry 😢🥹 > organics 1 > Flashcards

organics 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is crude oil

A

a mixture of hydrocarbons

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2
Q

what is a hydrocarbon

A

a compound containing only hydrogen and carbon

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3
Q

what happens to the boiling point if the chain is longer and why

A

longer chain = higher boiling point
this is because a longer chain has more IMF’s so more energy is needed to overcome all the forces

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4
Q

what happens to the boiling point if the chain is shorter and why

A

shorter chain = lower boiling point
this is because a shorter chain has less IMF’s so less energy is needed to overcome all the forces.

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5
Q

how do we separate crude oil?

A

fractional distillation

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6
Q

what is the name of the fraction of crude oil with the lowest boiling point and is also the smallest molecule?

A

refinery gas

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7
Q

what is the name of the fraction with the highest boiling point which also contains the largest molecules?

A

bitumen

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8
Q

name each fraction in order

A

refinery gas
gasoline
kerosene
diesel
fuel oil
bitumen

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9
Q

what is the use of refinery gas

A

home heating

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10
Q

what is the use of gasoline

A

car fuel

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11
Q

what is the use of kerosene

A

plane fuel

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12
Q

what is the use of diesel

A

lorry fuel

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13
Q

what is the use of fuel oil

A

ship fuel

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14
Q

what is the use of bitumen

A

road tarmac

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15
Q

what is fractional distillation and how does it work

A

crude oil is a mixture of many different things, fractional distillation separates them depending on their properties. it dies this by separating molecules with similar length chains which therefore have similar properties.

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16
Q

what are the products of complete combustion of crude oil

A

CO2 and H2O

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17
Q

what are the products of incomplete combustion of crude oil

A

CO and H2O
carbon monoxide is a toxic gas

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18
Q

when does incomplete combustion of crude oil

A

when there is not enough oxygen

19
Q

why is CO2 a pollutant

A

its a greenhouse gas so it results in the enhanced greenhouse effect which leads to global warming

20
Q

why is CO (carbon monoxide) dangerous

A

it binds to haemoglobin which means you can carry less oxygen so you cant respire.

21
Q

why can N2 and O2 be dangerous

A

when at high temperatures they form NO (nitrogen oxide) which is a poisonous gas and when combined with water forms acid rain

22
Q

what is an impurity in crude oil

A

S (sulfur)

23
Q

why is sulfur dangerous

A

when combined with oxygen, sulfur forms sulfur dioxide which when combined with water forms acid rain

24
Q

why is acid rain bad

A

damages ecosystems, buildings, infrastructure, dangerous for wildlife

25
Q

what is cracking

A

the process of heating up longer chains to break them into smaller chains

26
Q

why do we use cracking

A

to make longer chains into smaller chains which are in higher demand

27
Q

why are smaller chains in higher demand

A

because they are more useful

28
Q

what is the catalyst used in cracking

A

aluminium oxide (Al2O3)

29
Q

what is the temperature needed to crack chains

A

600C

30
Q

what is the difference between alkanes and alkenes

A

alkanes are hydrocarbons with only single bonds and alkenes are hydrocarbons with one double C=C bond.
alkanes are saturated, alkenes are unsaturated.

31
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

32
Q

Name each of the first 6 alkanes in the homologous series in order of increasing number of carbon atoms

A

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane

33
Q

What is the formula for methane

A

CH4

34
Q

What is the formula for ethane

A

C2H6

35
Q

What is the formula for propane

A

C3H8

36
Q

What is the formula for Butane

A

C4H10

37
Q

What is the formula for pentane

A

C5H12

38
Q

What is the formula for hexane

A

C6H14

39
Q

What is an isomer

A

A molecule with the same molecular formula but a different structural and displayed formula

40
Q

Why are alkanes unreactive

A

Because they have a very high activation energy as c-c bonds and C-H bonds are very strong. Same reason as for crude oil.

41
Q

What is an alkene

A

A hydrocarbon containing one C=C double bond. Unsaturated.

42
Q

What is the general formula for an alkene

A

CnH2n

43
Q

Are alkenes more or less reactive than alkanes and why

A

Alkenes are much more reactive than alkanes because they are unsaturated. The double bond in an alkene can easily open to allow two more atoms to join and leave a single bond between the carbons.

44
Q

What is the test for alkenes

A

Add bromine water, if it turns from orange to colourless then its and alkene. If remains orange its an alkane.

chemistry 😢🥹 (19 decks)

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