Organisation

Question 1

Size from smallest to biggest

tissue, organ system, cell, organ, organism

Answer 1

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 2

Tissue

Answer 2

A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function (could include more than one type of cell)

Question 3

Organ

Answer 3

A group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function

Question 4

Organ system

Answer 4

A group of organs working together to perform a specific funtion

Question 5

organism

Answer 5

An indivdual plant, animal or single-celled organism

Question 6

Enzymes

Answer 6

A catalyst

increase the speed of useful chemical reaction in the body
It’s shape will not change and it will not be used up

Question 7

What are enzymes made of

Answer 7

They are large protein
Chains of amino acids

Question 8

Name the area where substances blind into enzymes

Answer 8

Active site
(have a unique shape)

Question 9

Conditions reqired for enzymes to do they best

Answer 9

Temperature (higher temp increase the rate, not too hot, optimum temp)
pH
if one of them is too higher or low and not inside the optimum temp pH, the shape at the active site will change and the enzymes will become denatures it)

Question 10

Double circulatory system

Answer 10

Two circuits joined together (left and right ventricles)

Question 11

Right ventricle

Answer 11

Pump deoxygenated blood to the lung to take in oxygen. The blood then returns to the heart

Question 12

Left ventricle

Answer 12

Pumps oxygenated blood around all the others organs of the body. The blood give oxygen to the body cells and deoxygenated blood returns to the heart to be pumped out to the lungs again

Question 13

Valves

Answer 13

Make sure the blood flows to the right direction. Prevent it from flowing backwards

Question 14

Proteases

Answer 14

Convert proteins into amino acids

Question 15

Lipases

Answer 15

Convert lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 16

Bile

Answer 16

Produced in liver
Stored in the gall bladder
Released into small intestine

Question 17

Carbohydrates

Answer 17

Convert carbohydrates into simple sugars (amylase)

Question 18

Parts of right side of the heart (deoxygenated blood) 4

Answer 18

Vena cava, right atrium, valve, right ventricle, valve, pulmonary artery (In order, this is how the blood went through the heart)

Question 19

Parts of the left side of the heart 4 (in order) for oxygenated blood

Answer 19

Pulmonary vein, left atrium, valve, left ventricle, valve , aorta

Question 20

Coronary artery

Answer 20

Artery supply oxygenated blood for the heart

Question 21

Pacemaker

Answer 21

A group of cells in the right atrium wall, produce small electric impulse spread to surrounding muscle cells to make them contract

Question 22

Arteries

Answer 22

Carry the blood away from the heart (high pressure blood), strong, elastic and thick walls by having elastic fibrous and thick layer of muscle

Question 23

Capillaries

Answer 23

Involve in the exchange of materials at the tissues, thin and too small to see, very close to the cell, permeable wall and only one wall thick

Question 24

Veins

Answer 24

Carry the blood to the heart (low pressure), larger lumen (middle hole), have valves to prevent the blood from flowing to the wrong direction

Question 25

3 types of blood vessels

Answer 25

Arteries, Capillaries, Veins

Question 26

4 types of blood cells

Answer 26

Red blood cell, white blood cell, platelets, plasma

Question 27

Red blood cell

Answer 27

Carry oxygen from lungs to all cells in the body Large surface area Don’t have a nucleus Contain haemoglobin (where the blood are stored in the cell) +oxy when contained oxygen

Question 28

White blood cell

Answer 28

Defend against infection Can change shape to engulf unwelcome microorganisms, process called phagocytosis Can produce antibodies and antitoxins Do have a nucleus

Question 29

Platelets

Answer 29

Help blood clot Small fragments of cell, no nucleus Stop bleeding and stop microorganism to get into the body Make blood solid

Question 30

Plasma

Answer 30

Liquid that carries everything in blood Carries red and white blood cells , platelets, nutrients like glucose and amino acid, carbon dioxide, urea, hormones, protein, antibodies, and antitoxins

Question 31

Cardiovascular disease

Answer 31

Disease of heart or blood vessels

Question 32

Coronary heart disease

Answer 32

When coronary arteries start supply blood to the muscle of the heart gets blocked by a layer of fatty material building up This caused the artery to become narrow, so blood flow is restricted, and there’s a lack of oxygen to the hot muscle , this can result in a heart attack

Question 33

Stents

Answer 33

tube that insert inside the artery to keep them open so that blood can pass through, effective long time and recovery time from surgery is quick, but there is a risk of complication during the operation and risk of infection, also the rest of patient fell around blood clot near the stents (thrombosis)

Question 34

Treatment for Connery heart disease

Answer 34

Stents, statins

Question 35

Statins

Answer 35

Drug that reduce the amount of bad cholesterol in the blood, slows down the rate of fatty deposits forming. They can also increase the amount of good cholesterol, May also help prevent some other disease Cholesterol essential lipids that the body produce. Dis: Long-term drug that must take regularly May cause negative side effects Effect isn’t instant take time for it to kick in

Question 36

Artificial heart

Answer 36

Temporary Less likely to get rejected by body because it is make out of metal and plastic Risk of bleeding and inflection during surgery Part of the artificial heart can fail or be worn out, will cause blood colt and lead to strokes Have to take drugs to prevent blood colt

Question 37

Replacing heart valve

Answer 37

Valve can be weaken or damaged by heart attack, infection or old age It affects the valve so it will not do it job properly, not open or leaks so the blood can go both ways It could be replaced by both human and mammals (biological) or a mechanical valve

Question 38

Artificial blood

Answer 38

It is a blood substitute (saline, a salt solution ) which is use to replace the lost volume of blood. Give patient enough time to regenerate the blood cell they lost

Question 39

Communicable diseases

Answer 39

Can spread between living organisms (Bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi)

Question 40

Non-communicable disease

Answer 40

Cannot be spread Last for a long time and get worse slowly

Question 41

Factor that effect your health

Answer 41

Good/balanced diet Stress Life situation (availability to medical help or living conditions)

Question 42

Risk factor

Answer 42

Increase the chances and likelihood for someone to get a disease (some could be directly to one disease) Example: Lifestyle (locally, nationally or globally) Substance in the environment or substance produce by the body Smoking (lung disease) Obesity (type 2 diabetes) Alcohol (liver) Radiation and exposure to substances (cancer) Doing these things while pregnant (effect the baby)

Question 43

Correlation

Answer 43

It is use to identify risk factors but it might not work in some person or type of disease

Question 44

Cancer

Answer 44

An uncontrolled growth and division of changed cell with result in a tumor (a mass of cell)

Question 45

2 type of tumor

Answer 45

Benign (not cancerous, stay in one place, grow until there is no room, will not invade other tissues) Malignant (will grow and spread to neighboring healthy tissues, cells can break off and spread, it cold attack somewhere else in the body and form a second tumor, dangerous , are cancer)

Question 46

Risk factor for developing cancer

Answer 46

Smoking Obesity UV exposure Viral infection (some viruses) Genetics (mutated genes)

Question 47

Epidermal tissue

Answer 47

Cover the whole plant

Question 48

Palisade mesophyll tissue

Answer 48

Part of leaf where photosynthesis take place

Question 49

Spongy mesophyll tissue

Answer 49

Transport thing like water or food around the plant X- food, both ways, translocation P- water, only one way, transpiration stream

Question 50

Meristem tissue

Answer 50

Find at the grow part of the plant like roots, can change(differentiate) into any type of plant cell, allow it to grow

Question 51

Transpiration+stream

Answer 51

The loss of water from the plant Evaporation and diffusion, mostly happen on leaf Creates a shortage of water so more water is transported to the part and replaced the loss one The movement of water to replace the losses one is called transpiration stream

Question 52

Rate of transpiration

Answer 52

Light intensity (brighter, greater) Temperature (warmer, faster) Air flow (better , greater) Humidity (drier, faster) A+H higher concentration of water particles outside than inside the leaf Diffusion happen quickly from high to low concentration

Question 53

Guard cell

Answer 53

Controlling water loss and gas exchange from the leafs Open when it sense light, close without light (stomata )