Organisation 3 (B2)

Question 1

cause of coronary heart disease

Answer 1

build up of fatty substances in the coronary arteries

Question 2

effect of coronary heart disease

Answer 2

oxygenated blood cannot get to the cardiac muscle

Question 3

treatment of coronary heat disease

Answer 3

stents

Question 4

cause of faulty heart valves

Answer 4

valves won’t open or close properly

Question 5

effect of faulty heart valves

Answer 5

blood can leak or fl.ow in the wrong direction

Question 6

treatment of faulty heart valves

Answer 6

biolgical valve transplant or mechanical valve can be inserted

Question 7

what type of disease is cancer

Answer 7

non-communicable

Question 8

why does cancer happen

Answer 8

the result of changes in DNA that lead to uncontrolled growth and divison

Question 9

benign tumour

Answer 9

contained in one area of the body

Question 10

malignant tumour

Answer 10

invade tissues and spread to different pats of the body to form secondary tumours

Question 11

same cancers have _____ risk factors

Answer 11

genetic

Question 12

carcinogens increase the rate of cancer by ___

Answer 12

changing/ damaging DNA

Question 13

risk factors for heart/lung disease

Answer 13

drinking alcohol
diet
obesity
smoking

Question 14

where are epidermal tissues

Answer 14

top layer of the leaf

Question 15

waxy cuticle

Answer 15

reduce water loss from leaf

Question 16

guard cells and stomata

Answer 16

guard cells open and close the stomata to control water loss and allow for gas exchange (O2 / CO2)

Question 17

palisade cells

Answer 17

cells near the top surface of the leaf that are packed with chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll
both adaptations maximise photosynthesis

Question 18

how are Palisade mesophyll adapted

Answer 18

palisade cells

Question 19

how are EPIDERMAL tissues adapted

Answer 19

waxy cuticle

guard cells and stomata

Question 20

how is spongy mesophyll adapted

Answer 20

air spaces in the leaf between cells

Question 21

air spaces in the leaf between cells

Answer 21

increase surface area for gas exchange so that co2 can diffuse into photosynthesising cells

Question 22

how are xylem adapted

Answer 22

hollow tubes strengthened by lignin

Question 23

how are the xylems adaptations useful

Answer 23

allows for transport of water and mineral ions from the roots to the stem and leaves

Question 24

how are phloem adapted

Answer 24

cell sap moves from one phloem to another through the pores in end walls

Question 25

how are the phloem adaptations useful

Answer 25

transports dissolved sugars from leaves to the rest of the plant for immediate use or storage (translocation)

Question 26

meristem tissue

Answer 26

new cells (roots and shoot tips) are made here including root hair cells

Question 27

adaptations for root hair cells

Answer 27

increased surface area area for the uptake of water by osmosis and mineral ions by active transport

Question 28

what can be used to measure transpiration

Answer 28

Potometer is used to measure the amount of water lost over time

Question 29

transpiration

Answer 29

the rate at which water is lost from the leaves of a plant

Question 30

what is the transpiration stream

Answer 30

the column of water moving through the roots, stem and leaves

Question 31

what can affect the rate of transpiration

Answer 31

temperature humidity air movement light intensity

Question 32

how cab heart failure be treated

Answer 32

transplant or artificial heart