Organisation and Enzymes in the Digestive System Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is a specialised cell?
A cell that has developed to have a specific function.
What is the organisation hierarchy?
1) cells
2) tissue
3) organ
4) organ system
5) organism
What are enzymes made from?
large proteins
What does each enzyme have?
A unique shape
Where does the reaction happen in an enzyme?
active site
What are the two special features of how the enzyme and substrate fit together?
1) specific shape
2) complimentary shape
What is the molecule called that fits into the active site of an enzyme?
substrate
Where is amylase made?
salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine
Where does amylase work?
mouth and small intestine
What does amylase do?
breaks down starch into glucose
Where is protease made?
pancreas and small intestine
Where does protease work?
small intestine and stomach
What does protease do?
Breaks down proteins into amino acids.
Why do we need to digest food?
Large insoluble molecules need to be broken down.
Where is lipase made?
pancreas and small intestine
Where does lipase work?
pancreas and small intestine
What does lipase do?
Breaks down fat and oils into fatty acids and glycerol.
Why do we have hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
Keeps the pH down in the stomach, kills bacteria and ensures optimum pH.
Where is bile produced?
liver
What is the function of bile?
Emulsifies fat.
Why are multiple measurements taken?
Anomalies can be ignored.
What does multiple measurements lead to?
reproduceable data
What is the optimum pH of amylase?
7
What is an independent variable?
The variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher to observe its effect on another variable
