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Bioscience > Organisation of the Human Body > Flashcards

Organisation of the Human Body Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Integumentary

Epidermis

A

Protects: covers surface; Protects deeper tissues; Vit. D production

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2
Q

Integumentary

Dermis

A

Feeds epidermis; strength; glands

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3
Q

Hair follicles 囊

A

Sensation from Innervation神经支配

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4
Q

Sebaceous分泌脂质的 glands

A

Lubricates hair shaft[组织] 毛干 and epidermis – remove waste.

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5
Q

Sweat glands

A

Thermoregulation: Evaporative cooling(sweat)Breast tissue is modified sweat gland

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6
Q

Sensory感官 receptors感受器

A

Detects sensations: Touch; pressure, temperature, pain

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7
Q

Hypodermis(We will include in the Integument System)

A

Fat stores; Attaches skin to deeper layers

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8
Q

Muscular System 肌肉系统 (=skeletal)

Skeletal muscles

A

Provide skeletal movement control entrances and exits to the digestive and respiratory system and urinary system

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9
Q

Axial中轴 muscles

A

Provides support and positioning of the axial skeleton.

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10
Q

Appendicular附肢肌 muscles

A

Support and move and brace limbs

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11
Q

Tendons肌腱 and aponeuroses腱膜

A

Translate contractile可收缩的 forces into tasksTendon – muscle to bone.
Aponeuroses – most often muscle to muscle connection

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12
Q

Skeletal System 骨骼系统

Bones, cartilage and joints

A

Cartilage all sorts of bone interfaces

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13
Q

Axial Skeleton: (skull, vertebrae椎骨, sacrum骶骨, coccyx尾骨, sternum胸骨, supporting cartilages软骨, ligaments韧带)

A

Protects the brain and spinal cord, sense organs, and soft tissues of thorax胸腔 Support body weight over lower limbs

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14
Q

Appendicular skeleton附肢骨骼: limbs四肢 and supporting bones and ligaments韧带

A

Provides internal support and positioning of the external limbs; supports and enables muscles to move the axial skeleton中轴骨

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15
Q

Bone

A

Stores minerals

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16
Q

Bone Marrow
Red
Yellow

A

Red blood cell production (flat bones扁平骨 (pelvis骨盆, sternum胸骨, skull头骨, ribs肋骨; lose some of this with ageing).

Stores of fat cells (found medullary 骨髓的 cavity腔 of long bones; gain with ageing; yellow to red after major bleeding出血)

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17
Q

Nervous System 神经系统

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Control centre Short term control over other systems

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18
Q

Brain

A

Complex integrative综合 activities

Controls voluntary and involuntary

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19
Q

Spinal cord脊髓

A

Relays information to and from brain

Performs less complex integrative activities (reflex arc)

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20
Q

Special senses(**also considered part of PNS except for optic nerve which is CNS)

A

Sensory input to brain relating to sight, hearing, smell and taste and equilibrium

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21
Q

Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)

A

Links CNS with other systems and sense organs

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22
Q

Endocrine System 内分泌系统

Pineal gland 松果体

A

Day-night rhythms

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23
Q

Hypothalamus下丘脑/Pituitary gland脑下垂体

A

Control many other endocrine glands. Regulates growth. Fluid balance

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24
Q

Thyroid甲状腺 gland

Study These Flashcards
A

Metabolic rate

Calcium levels

25
Parathyroid甲状旁腺 gland
Calcium levels
26
Thymus 胸腺
Maturation of lymphocytes淋巴细胞
27
Adrenal肾上腺 glands
``` Water and mineral balance (e.g. aldosterone醛固酮) Tissue metabolism (cortisol)Cardio. and Resp. function (adrenaline肾上腺素) ```
28
Kidneys (due to major hormone-producing cells)
Red blood cell production Blood pressure up. Calcium levels
29
Pancreas胰腺
Glucose control
30
Gonads生殖腺
Sexual characteristics and reproduction
31
Lymphatic System 淋巴系统 Lymphatic vessels淋巴管
Carry lymph fluid (water and protein) and lymphocytes淋巴细胞 from peripheral外围的 tissues to veins of CV system (see next slide)
32
Lymphatic fluid淋巴液
Lipids (fats and fatty acids) from the gut.
33
B cells and T cells
Cells that carry out immune responses
34
Lymph nodes淋巴结 including tonsils扁桃体
Monitor composition of lymph Defence: Engulf吞噬 pathogens病原体. Stimulate immune response
35
Spleen脾
``` Monitors circulation blood cells Engulfs pathogens Recycle red blood cells Stimulates immune response Like are large lymph node ```
36
Thymus胸腺
Controls development and maintenance of the T cell lymphocytes It produces cells called T-lymphocytes which circulate around the body. These cells are important for cell-mediated response to an immune challenge, such as may occur when we have an infection.
37
Cardiovascular System 心血管系统 Heart
Propels blood and maintains blood pressure
38
Blood Vessels Arteries 动脉 Capillaries毛细血管 Veins静脉
Conduits导管: From heart to capillaries Diffusion between blood and interstitial fluids间质液体 Return blood from capillaries to the heart
39
Blood
``` Transport of Oxygen and carbon dioxide Transport nutrients and hormones Remove waste Temperature regulation Defence against illness(immune cells) Acid-base balance (-HCO3) ```
40
Respiratory System 呼吸系统 Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses 鼻腔和鼻窦
Filter warm humidify air and detect smells
41
Pharynx | 咽
Conducts air to the larynx喉
42
Larynx | 喉
Protects opening to the trachea气管 and contains vocal cords声带 for vocalisation发声
43
Trachea | 气管
Conducts air | Cartilage keeps it open
44
Bronchi | 支气管
Conducts air between trachea and lungs
45
Lungs
Air movement Gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in alveoli肺泡 Acid-base control
46
Digestive System 消化系统 Oral cavity
Breaks up food working with teeth and tongue
47
Salivary唾液的 glands
Buffers缓冲区 and lubricant润滑剂 | Enzymes that begin digestion
48
Pharynx咽
Solid food and liquids to the oesophagus | Chamber室 shared with Resp system
49
Oesophagus食管
Deliver food to the stomach
50
Stomach
Secretes acid Enzymes Hormones
51
Small intestine
Digestive enzymes Buffers and hormones Absorbs nutrients
52
Liver
Secretes bile胆汁 | Regulates nutrients in the blood
53
Gallbladder胆囊
Concentrates bile
54
Pancreas
Digestive enzymes Buffers Endocrine cells
55
Large intestine and Anus肛门
Water removal | Waste storage and removal
56
Urinary System 泌尿系统 Kidneys
Form and concentrate urine Regulate pH and ions Blood volume and blood pressure Endocrine function
57
Ureters输尿管
Conduct urine to the bladder膀胱
58
Bladder
Stores urine prior to elimination
59
Urethra尿道
Conducts urine to exterior

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