organisation (p1)

Question 1

what is a tissue

Answer 1

group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function

Question 2

what is an organ

Answer 2

group of tissues performing specific functions

Question 3

what is an organ system

Answer 3

a group of organs working together to form an organism

Question 4

examples of tissues

Answer 4

muscle tissue, nervous tissue

Question 5

examples of organs

Answer 5

heart, stomach, brain

Question 6

what does the digestive system do

Answer 6

digests (breaks down) and absorbs food

Question 7

what are enzymes

Answer 7

They are large molecules (proteins) which make chemical reactions faster in living organisms

Question 8

Why do enzymes usually only speed up one reaction?

Answer 8

the shape of the enzyme’s active site only matches the reactants for once reaction

Question 9

What do digestive enzymes do?

Answer 9

convert food into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 10

How would you test food to see if it contains sugars?

Answer 10

Using the Benedict’s test

Question 11

How would you test food to see if it contains starch?

Answer 11

Using the iodine test

Question 12

How would you test food to see if it contains protein?

Answer 12

Using the Biuret reagent

Question 13

What does the heart do?

Answer 13

pump blood around the body

Question 14

What are the blood vessels that carry blood to and from the heart called?

Answer 14

aorta, vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein

Question 15

Where does the right ventricle of the heart pump blood to?

Answer 15

to the lungs where gas exchange takes place

Question 16

Where does the left ventricle of the heart pump blood to?

Answer 16

around the rest of the body

Question 17

Why does the heart have valves?

Answer 17

to make sure that blood flows in the right direction (to stop it flowing backwards)

Question 18

How is our heart rate controlled?

Answer 18

by a group of cells located in the right atrium that act as a pacemaker

Question 19

How are the lungs adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 19

they have a large surface area and a good blood supply

Question 20

What are the three types of blood vessel called?

Answer 20

arteries, veins, capillaries.

Question 21

Is blood a cell, tissue, or organ?

Answer 21

Tissue

Question 22

What does blood contain?

Answer 22

plasma with red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in

Question 23

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 23

carry oxygen

Question 24

What do white blood cells do

Answer 24

help the body fight infection

Question 25

What are platelets?

Answer 25

They are small fragments of cells (no nucleus) which help blood to clot at wounds

Question 26

Name six types of plant tissue

Answer 26

* epidermal tissues * palisade mesophyll * spongy mesophyll * xylem * phloem * meristem tissue

Question 27

Where is plant epidermal tissue found?

Answer 27

It covers the whole plant.

Question 28

Where is meristem tissue found?

Answer 28

at the growing tips of shoots and roots

Question 29

What is transpiration?

Answer 29

the evaporation of water from the surface of plants (usually the leaves)

Question 30

What is translocation in plants?

Answer 30

the movement of sugar around the plant

Question 31

What do stomata on leaves do?

Answer 31

control the water loss from the plant

Question 32

What do root hair cells do?

Answer 32

the efficient uptake of water by osmosis, and mineral ions by active transport

Question 33

What is xylem tissue?

Answer 33

hollow tubes strengthened by lignin adapted for the transport of water

Question 34

What does xylem tissue do?

Answer 34

transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the stems and leaves

Question 35

What is phloem tissue?

Answer 35

tubes of elongated cells with pores in the ends

Question 35

What does phloem tissue do?

Answer 35

transports dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant for immediate use or storage

Question 36

What are the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with oxygen called?

Answer 36

coronary arteries

Question 36

What happens to the heart in coronary heart disease?

Answer 36

layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries, so less oxygen reaches the heart muscle

Question 37

Give three methods of treating coronary heart disease

Answer 37

inserting a stent, taking statins (drugs), or a heart transplant

Question 38

How does a stent work?

Answer 38

they are hollow tubes inserted inside arteries to push out the wall and keep it open, making sure blood can flow through it.

Question 39

How do statins (a type of drug) affect the body?

Answer 39

they reduce blood cholesterol levels which slows down the rate that fatty material builds up in arteries

Question 40

How can heart valves be faulty?

Answer 40

they can fail to open fully, or they can leak

Question 41

What can faulty heart valves be replaced with?

Answer 41

biological or mechanical valves

Question 42

What is a heart transplant?

Answer 42

when someone's heart is surgically replaced with the heart from another person (a donor)

Question 43

When are artificial hearts used?

Answer 43

to keep patients alive whilst waiting for a heart transplant, or to allow the heart to rest as an aid to recovery

Question 44

What is health?

Answer 44

the state of physical and mental well-being

Question 45

What factors can be causes of ill health?

Answer 45

diseases, diet, stress, and life situations

Question 46

How can problems in the immune system cause ill health?

Answer 46

individuals are more likely to suffer from infectious diseases

Question 47

What is sampling (to collect scientific data)

Answer 47

study of a selection of people/organisms instead of the entire population

Question 48

What risk factors can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 48

diet, smoking and exercise

Question 49

What risk factor can increase the risk of Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 49

obesity

Question 50

Which organs are affected by excessive alcohol consumption?

Answer 50

liver, brain

Question 51

What risk factor can increase the risk of lung disease and lung cancer?

Answer 51

smoking

Question 52

What are two risk factors to the health of unborn babies?

Answer 52

smoking and alcohol

Question 53

What is a carcinogen?

Answer 53

a chemical that can cause cancer

Question 54

How do carcinogens and ionising radiation affect the likelihood of developing cancer?

Answer 54

likelihood increases

Question 55

What do cancerous cells do?

Answer 55

uncontrolled growth and division

Question 56

In terms of cells, what is cancer?

Answer 56

changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and division

Question 57

What are benign tumours?

Answer 57

growths of abnormal cells which are contained in one area, usually within a membrane, that do not invade other parts of the body.

Question 58

What are malignant tumours?

Answer 58

uncontrolled growths that invade neighbouring tissues and spread to different parts of the body where they form secondary tumours

Question 59

What risk factors can increase the risk of various cancers?

Answer 59

genetic risk factors and lifestyle risk factors

Question 60

do arteries carry blood towards or away from the heart

Answer 60

away remember A for Arteries and A for Away

Question 61

do veins carry blood towards or away from the heart

Answer 61

towards