organisational psychology

Question 1

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

motivation

Answer 1

1. physiological
2. safety
3. love and belongingness
4. estem
5. self-actiualisation

Question 2

mclleland’s theory of achievement motivation

motivation

Answer 2

need for:

achievement
affiliation
power

Thematic apperception test

Question 3

latham and locke’s goal setting theory

motivation

Answer 3

Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Relevant
Time based

clarity, challange, commitment, feedback, task complexity

Question 4

vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation

Answer 4

valance x intrumentality x expectancy

Question 5

extrinsic and intrinsic

motivation

Answer 5

extrinsic:
- pay
- bonuses
- profit sharing
- performance related pay: cash bonus, raise…

intrinsic:
1. recognition
2. praise
3. respect
4. empowerment
5. sense of belonging

Question 6

deci and ryan’s self determination theory

motivation

Answer 6

autonomy
relatedness
competence

Question 7

key study - motivation

Answer 7

landry et al:
applying self determination theory to motivational rewards

Question 8

great person theory

leadership

Answer 8

born not made

intelligence
charisma
sociability
confidence

Question 9

charismatic leader theory

leadership

Answer 9

charisma
popularity
sensitive to their enviroment
good communicators

Question 10

transformational leader

leadership

Answer 10

idealised influence
inspirational motivation
intellectual stimulation
personal and individual attention

Question 11

behavioural theories of leadership

leadership

Answer 11

Ohio:
initiating (structural) behaviours
consideration (nurturing) behaviours

Michigan:
employee orientation
product orientation

Question 12

heifetz’s 6 principles in adaptive challenges

leadership

Answer 12

1. get on the balcony
2. identify the adaptive challange
3. regulate distress
4. maintain disciplined attention
5. give work back to the employees
6. protect voices from below

Question 13

muczyk and reimann’s 4 styles of leadership

leadership

Answer 13

directive autocrat
permissive autocrat
directive democrat
permissive democrat

Question 14

scouller’s levels of leadership

leadership

Answer 14

1. motivating purpose
2. task progress results
3. upholding group unity and spirit
4. attending to individual effectiveness

public leadership - 1,2, 3 (setting the vision, ensuring unity of purpose, achieving group task, building trust and togetherness, creating peer pressure to ensure high performance standards)

private leadership - 2 and 4 (task and building &maintenance)

personal - all levels (attitude towards others, technical, self-mastery)

Question 15

key study - leadership

Answer 15

cuadrado
leadership style and gender

Question 16

kouzes and posner’s leadership practices inventroy

Answer 16

1. model the way
2. share an inspired vision
3. challenge the process
4. enable others to act
5. encourage the heart

the leadership practices inventory LPI

Question 17

Followership - kelley

leadership

Answer 17

dependent non-critical thinkers / independent critical thinkers

1. passive (sheep)
2. alienated
3. pragmatic survivors
4. conformist
5. exemplary

Question 18

temporal work conditions

work conditions

Answer 18

ROTATIONAL:
forward rotational shifts
backward rotational shifts
rapid rotation shifts
- metropolitan
- continental
slow rotation shifts

ON-CALL

FLEXI-TIME

Question 19

human and system errors in operator machine systems

health and safety

work conditions

Answer 19

human:
error of commision, omission, sequencing and timing

system:
visual or audio display

Question 20

key study

work conditions

Answer 20

SWAT monitoring of accidents and risk events

Question 21

herzberg’s two factor theory

satisfaction at work

Answer 21

hygiene factors:
pay, policies, physical conditions, interpersonal relations

motivational factors:
recognition, sense of achievement, growth and promotional oportunities, responsability

Question 22

hackman and Oldham’s job characteristics theory

satisfaction at work

Answer 22

skill variety
task identity
task significance - experienced meaningfulness

autonomy - experienced responsibility

feedback - knowledge of the actual results of the work

Question 23

belias and skilikas’ techniques of job design

satisfaction at work

Answer 23

1. job rotation
2. job enlargement (vertical/horizontal)
3. job enrichement

Question 24

measuring job satisfaction

satisfaction at work

Answer 24

the job descriptive index

the QWL evaluation scale (walton’s quality of working life)

Question 25

blau and boal’s absenteeism and organisational commitment model

satisfaction at work

Answer 25

1. job involvement
2. categories of organisational commitment (behavioural/attitudinal)

e.g: high job involvement - low organisational commitment

type of absence:
medical
career enhancing
normative
calculative

institutional starts
lone wolves
corporate citizens
apathetic employees

Question 26

key study

satisfaction at work

Answer 26

gicalone and rosenfield

Employee Sabotage in the workplace

1. work slowdowns
2. destruction of machinery, premises or products
3. dishonesty
4. causing chaos

Question 27

tuckman and jensen’s stages of group development

group behaviour

Answer 27

1. forming
2. storming
3. norming
4. performing
5. adjourning

Question 28

belbin’s 9 team roles

group behaviour

Answer 28

cerebral
- plants
- specialists
- monitor evaluators

action
- shapers
- implementers
- team workers

people related
- resource investigators
- coordinators
- completer finishers

belbin self perception inventory

Question 29

symptoms of groupthink

group behaviour

Answer 29

invulnerability
rationale
morality
stereotypes
pressure
self-censorship
illusion of unamity
mindguards

Question 30

forsyth’s cognitive limitations and errors

group behaviour

Answer 30

sins of

Commission
- belief perseverance
- sunk cost bias
- hindsight bias

omission
- base rate bias
- fundamental attribution error

imprecision
- availability heuristics
- conjunction bias
- representativeness heuristics

Question 31

key study

group behaviour

Answer 31

claypoole and szalma

performance moitoring