Organisations Flashcards
(15 cards)
Anushilan Samiti
(1902) Founders
Area: Kolkata
Founder: Satish Chandra Basu after encouragement from Sister Nivedita and
Swami Shradananda.
Feature of Anusheelan
He named it after Bankimchandra’s play Anushilan-Tattva, or theory of discipline.
Pramathanath Mitra was its main patron.
-The Banaras branch (Young Men’s Association) and the Patna branch of the Samiti
were founded in 1908 and 1913 respectively, by Sachin Sanyal.
-Bengal branch-The whole Anushilan group was arrested in Alipore conspiracy
case/Manicktolla bomb conspiracy Muraripukur conspiracy.
Aurobindo was
acquitted of all charges but Barindra Ghosh and Ullaskar Dut were found guilty.
During the Swadeshi movement, many youths joined the Samiti.
It was backed by extremist leaders such as Bipin Chandra Pal and Brahmabandhab
Upadhya.
Activities: Members carried out several dacoities, bomb explosions, and
assassinatoons of key British employees.
Abhinav Bharat Mandir
(Young India Society)
(1904) Founders
Vinayak Savarkar and Ganesh Damodar Savarkar.
Abhinav bharat features
Based on Giuseppe Mazzini’s organisation, Young Italy.
Started as “Mitra Mela” and in 1904,
later it was renamed Abhinav Bharat.
Vinayak Savarkar wrote Mazzini Charitra (a translation of the Italian revolutionary
Mazzini’s writings).
Anant Laxman Kanhere was a member of Abhinav Bharat, assassinated A.M.T
Jackson, the Collector of Nasik (1909
Yugantar group
(1906) Founders
Kolkata.
Founder: Aurobindo Ghosh, Barindra Ghosh, Raja Subodh Malik and
Bupendranath Datta
फीचर्स ऑफ yugantar
The Yugantar group was a secret revolutionary group based in Kolkata.
Aim: To collect war weaponry like arms and explosives and manufacture bombs.
Yugantar journal: Anushilan’s inner circle (Barindra Kumar Ghosh, Bhupendranath
Dutta) launched the weekly Yugantar.
The 30-crore people inhabiting India must raise their 60 crore hands to stop this
curse of oppression. Force must be stopped by force
Hindustan Republican
Association
(1924) Founders
Area: Punjab, U.P., Bihar and Central Provinces
Founded by Ramprasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chaterjee, and Sachin Sanyal in
Kanpur
Features
Ideology and program: Its intention was to organise an armed revolution in order to
destabilise the colonial government.
In its place, establish the Federal Republic of the United States of India, based on
the principle of adult franchise.
Later renamed as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in 1928
under the leadership of Bhagat Singh.
The leadership of the new organisation was collective, and its goal was socialism.
Influence: Bhagavad Gita, Anandmath, Aurobindo, Vivekananda, militant
nationalists, Russian, French, and Irish revolutions.
The main impetus for the formation of the party was Mahatma Gandhi’s decision
to call off the non-cooperation movement in 1922 as a result of the Chauri Chaura
incident. (and the Bolshevik revolution, as evident in its ideology).
Indian Home Rule Society
(1905) Founder
Founded by Shyamaji Krishna Varma, and later, the organisation leadership
was taken over by V. D. Savarkar in 1907.
Features
The Society promoted passive resistance and nonviolent self-rule.
The Indian Sociologist: Krishna Varma’s journal, was a mouthpiece of the society.
India House: It was founded as a hostel for Indian students and became a centre
for Indian revolutionaries in Europe.
-After the murder of Sir Curzon Wyllie in 1909, House was disbanded.
The Indian Home Rule Society met weekly at India House, passing resolutions
condemning arrests in India and advocating for India’s total independence
Ghadar Party
(1913) Founder
Area: San Francisco
Lala Hardayal,
Ramdas Puri,
G.D. Kumar,
Taraknath Das,
Sohan Singh Bhakna
Features
The Ghadar revolutionaries were mostly drawn from the Punjabi immigrants who
settled on North America’s West Coast in 1904.
Lala Hardyal took the leadership of the immigrant Indian community, and the Hindi
Associaton in Portland was formed to meet the need for a centralised organisation
in May 1913, which later changed its name to the Hindustan Ghadar Party.
At the first meeting of the Association, Baba Sohan Singh Bhakna was elected
President, Lala Har Dayal as General Secretary.
Others in attendance included Bhai Parmanand and Harnam Singh ‘Tundilat’.
Newspaper: Ghadar (Urdu and Gurumukhi)
- The newspaper was called Hindustan Ghadar, and a weekly compilation of poetry
and songs called Ghadar ki Goonj was also published.
Secret Society founder
Rashbehari Bose and Sachin Sanyal
Secret society features
Organised a secret society covering Punjab, Delhi and United Provinces.
Hemachandra Kanungo went abroad for military and political training
