Organisations of the body

Question 1

What is the role of oxygen in the body?

Answer 1

component of water and organic molecules, essential to cellular respiration

Question 2

What is respiration?

Answer 2

Process in which cellular energy, ATP is produced

Question 3

What is ATP?

Answer 3

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 4

What is the role of carbon in the body?

Answer 4

main component of all organic molecules e.g. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

Question 5

What is the role of hydrogen in the body?

Answer 5

component of water, all foods and most organic molecules. It also influences pH of body fluids

Question 6

What is the role of nitrogen in the body?

Answer 6

component of all proteins and nucleic acids

Question 7

What is the role of calcium in the body?

Answer 7

found in bones & teeth. Muscle contraction, nerve transmission, release of hormones and blood clotting

Question 8

What is the role of phosphorous in the body?

Answer 8

found in bones & teeth as well as nucleic acids and many proteins. Forms part of ATP

Question 9

What is the role of potassium in the body?

Answer 9

necessary for many chemical reactions in the cell. Important for nerve transmission and muscle contraction

Question 10

What is the role of sulphur in the body?

Answer 10

component of some vitamins and many proteins

Question 11

What is the role of sodium in the body?

Answer 11

necessary for many chemical reactions in the extracellular fluid (outside of the cell). Also plays a role in water balance, nerve impulses and muscle contraction

Question 12

What is the role of chlorine in the body?

Answer 12

necessary for many chemical reactions in the extracellular fluid

Question 13

What is the role of magnesium in the body?

Answer 13

found in bones an some enzyme activity

Question 14

What is the role of iodine in the body?

Answer 14

necessary for thyroid hormones

Question 15

What is the role of iron in the body?

Answer 15

component of haemoglobin

Question 16

Elements present in water are…

Answer 16

H O

Question 17

Elements present in carbohydrates are…

Answer 17

C H O

Question 18

Functions of water are…

Answer 18

maintaining body temp, lubricant, cushioning, universal solvent

Question 19

Name 2 types of carbohydrates found in the body

Answer 19

Monosaccharides (simple sugars); Starch; Glycogen; Cellulose

Question 20

Elements present in lipids (fats) are…

Answer 20

C H O

Question 21

Name 2 types of lipids found in the body

Answer 21

Triglycerides (neutral fats); Phospholipid; Steroids

Question 22

Name examples of steroids

Answer 22

cholesterol, sex hormones estradiol

Question 23

Elements present in proteins are

Answer 23

C H O N S

Question 24

Types of proteins, name 3 from list

Answer 24

Structural; Regulatory; Contractile; Immunity; Transport; Catalytic; Energy source

Question 25

Elements in nucleic acids are...

Answer 25

C H O N P

Question 26

Name 2 nucleic acids

Answer 26

DNA RNA

Question 27

Elements in adenosine triphosphate are...

Answer 27

C H O N P

Question 28

Epithelial tissue...

Answer 28

covers body surfaces, absorption and filtration. lines hollow organs, cavities and ducts

Question 29

Example of epithelial tissue

Answer 29

skin

Question 30

Connective tissue...

Answer 30

protects and supports body & organs. binds organs together. stores energy reserves as fat. provide immunity

Question 31

Examples of connective tissue

Answer 31

blood, adipose tissue, bone

Question 32

Muscle tissue.….

Answer 32

provides movement and force

Question 33

Example of muscle tissue

Answer 33

skeletal muscle

Question 34

Nervous tissue...

Answer 34

initiates and transmits nerve impulses

Question 35

Example of nervous tissue

Answer 35

nerves

Question 36

Simple squamous (pavement) epithelium is...

Answer 36

is single layer of flat squamous cells

Question 37

An example of location of simple squamous (pavement) epithelium...

Answer 37

lines blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, air-sacs of lungs and forms serous membranes

Question 38

Function of simple squamous (pavement) epithelium

Answer 38

filtration, osmosis, diffusion and secretion

Question 39

Simple cuboidal epithelium is...

Answer 39

a single layer of cube-shaped cells

Question 40

An example of location of simple cuboidal epithelium...

Answer 40

covers the surface of the ovaries, lines kidney tubules and forms the ducts of many glands

Question 41

Function of simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 41

secretion and absorption

Question 42

Simple columnar epithelium is...

Answer 42

a single layer of rectangular cells. May contain goblet cells which produce a lubricating mucus and microvilli which are finger-like projections that increase the layer of the plasma membrane

Question 43

An example of location of simple columnar epithelium...

Answer 43

lining of gastro-intestinal tract

Question 44

Function of simple columnar epithelium is...

Answer 44

secretion and absorption

Question 45

Ciliated simple columnar epithelium is

Answer 45

a single layer of rectangular cells that contain hair-like projections called cilia, which help move substances

Question 46

An example of location of ciliated simple columnar epithelium is...

Answer 46

lines part of the upper respiratory tract, the Fallopian tubes and some of the sinuses

Question 47

Function of Ciliated simple columnar epithelium is...

Answer 47

moves fluids or particles along a passageway

Question 48

Characteristics of simple epithelium are...

Answer 48

single layer of cells; thin and functions in absorption, secretion and filtration

Question 49

Characteristics of stratified epithelium are...

Answer 49

consists of two or more layers of cells. Durable and functions in protecting underlying tissues and areas of wear and tear. Some also produce secretions

Question 50

Stratified squamous epithelium...

Answer 50

consists of several layers if cells which are squamous in the superficial layer and cuboidal to columnar in the deep layers. Exists in keratinised and non-keratinised form.

Question 51

What is keratin?

Answer 51

A tough, waterproof protein that is resistant to friction and helps repel bacteria

Question 52

Example of location of stratified squamous epithelium...

Answer 52

superficial layer of the skin is a keratinised form while wet surfaces such as the mouth and tongue are non-keratinised

Question 53

Function of Stratified squamous epithelium...

Answer 53

protection

Question 54

Transitional epithelium....

Answer 54

change shape when the tissue is stretched

Question 55

Example of location of Transitional epithelium..

Answer 55

organs of urinary system e.g. bladder

Question 56

Function of Transitional epithelium

Answer 56

allows for distension

Question 57

Characteristics of loose connective tissue

Answer 57

loosely woven fibres and many cells. It is a softer connective tissue

Question 58

Areolar tissue description:

Answer 58

loose, soft, pliable, semifluid tissue, most widely distributed type of connective tissue in the body. It contains collagen, elastic and reticular fibres which give areolar tissues its elasticity and extensibility

Question 59

Example of location of Areolar tissue

Answer 59

surrounds body organs and is found in subcutaneous layer of the skin

Question 60

Function of Areolar tissue..

Answer 60

strength, elasticity and support (glue that holds internal organs in their positions)