Organization of Abdomen

Question 1

Vertebral level and dermatome of of xyphoid process

Answer 1

TV10 =level

T6=dermatome

Question 2

Vertebral level of umbilicus

Answer 2

LV3/LV4 (IV disc)

T10=dermatome

Question 3

Linea semilunaris

Answer 3

lateral to linea alba
forms lateral borders of 6 packs
lateral fused border of rectus sheath

Question 4

Subcostal line vertebral level

Answer 4

along lowest limit of costal margin: LV3

Question 5

Transtubercular line

Answer 5

thru iliac crests at LV5

Question 6

Transpyloric plane

Answer 6

LV1

not based upon external structures

Question 7

Subcostal plane

Answer 7

LV3

at base of costal margin

Question 8

Transumbilical plane

Answer 8

LV3/LV4

Question 9

Supracristal plane

Answer 9

LV4

@ level of iliac crests: used for LP

Question 10

Transtubercular plane

Answer 10

LV5

thru the tubercles of ilium

Question 11

Interspinous plane

Answer 11

SV1

ASIS

Question 12

Camper’s fascia

Answer 12

Superficial layer of the superficial fascia

loose CT that contains adipose, vessels, nerves, and lymph

Question 13

Scarpa’s fascia

Answer 13

deeper membranous layer of the superficial fascia
continuous into perineum (Colle’s and Dartos’s fascia)
attaches to iliac crest, fascia lata, and pubic tubercle

fundiform ligament

Question 14

Transversalis fascia

Answer 14

deep fascia that lines all of the abdominopelvic cavity, deep to transversus abdominis

Question 15

peritoneum

Answer 15

serous membrane which lines the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 16

Subserous fascia

Answer 16

loose fatty CT b/w transversalis fascia and peritoneum

Question 17

External abdominal oblique

Answer 17

O: outer ribs 5012
I: ant iliac crest, EAO aponeurosis to linia alba from xiphoid to pubic symph
A: b/l flexion of vertebral column and pelvis, u/l lateral flexion and rotation to opposite side
compression and support of viscera
N: Intercostal, subcostal, iliohypogastric nn.

Question 18

Internal abdominal oblique

Answer 18

O: Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior iliac crest, lateral inguinal ligament
I: inferior of ribs 9-12, IAO aponeurosis to linea alba
A: bl: flexion of vertebral column and pelvis, u/l: lateral flexion of trunk and rotation to same side ( works with contralateral EAO)
compression and support of abdominal viscera
n: intercostal, subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal

inferior fibers give rise to cremaster muscle

Question 19

Transversus abdominis

Answer 19

O: inner ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior iliac crest, lateral inguinal ligament
I: via aponeurosis to linea alba
A: compression and support of abdominal viscera ( sphincter of abdomen)
N: intercostal, subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal

Question 20

Rectus abdominis

Answer 20

O: PS and pubic crest
I: Costal cartilages 5-7, xiphoid
A: flexion of vertebral column and pelvis
N: VR of T6-T12 ( intercostal, subcostal nn.)
surrounded by rectus sheath

Question 21

tendinous intersections

Answer 21

attachments of rectus abdominis to rectus sheath

Question 22

pyramidalis

Answer 22

O: pubic bone, anterior to rectus abdominis 
I: linea alba 
A: tenses linea alba 
N: subcostal n. 
absent in 20% of population

Question 23

Rectus sheath

Answer 23

fascia that surrounds rectus abdominis and pyramidalis

formed by crossing of aponeuroses of EAO, IAO, and Transversus abdominis

Question 24

rectus sheath above the arcuate line

Answer 24

Anterior= external and internal abdominal oblique 
posterior=  internal and transversus abdominis

Question 25

rectus sheath below the arcuate line

Answer 25

``` anterior= IAO, EAO, TA Posterior= transversalis fascia ```

Question 26

Median umbilical fold/ ligament

Answer 26

from apex of bladder to umbilicus. ligament runs within the fold and is formed from the urachus

Question 27

Medial umbilical fold

Answer 27

Lateral to median fold, attaches to the umbilicus ligament runs w/in the fold is from the umbilical aa.

Question 28

Lateral umbilical folds

Answer 28

contain the inferior epigastric aa.

Question 29

Supravesicular fossa

Answer 29

above the bladder, space where it can expand b/w median and medial umbilical folds supravesicular hernias occur here

Question 30

Medial inguinal fossa

Answer 30

b/w the medial and lateral folds | site of direct inguinal hernia

Question 31

lateral inguinal fossa

Answer 31

area lateral to umbilical folds | site of indirect inguinal fossa