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Neuroanatomy Exam 1 > Organization of NS > Flashcards

Organization of NS Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

Anatomical subdivisions of NS

A

Central and peripheral NS

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2
Q

Central NS consists of

A

brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Brain - Gray Matter consists of

A

nerve cell bodies and neuroglia arranged into cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex, and nuclei

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4
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

“brain bark”

multiple layers of nerve cell bodies that form a folded sheet on brain surface

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5
Q

Nuclei

A

collections of nerve cell bodies embedded deep within the brain

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6
Q

Brain - White Matter consists of

A

mostly myelinated nerve cell axons with some unmyelinated axons and neuroglia
Axons may be short (1mm) and reside in brain or can be long (1m)
Long would leave brain and descend to levels of spinal cord

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7
Q

Tract

A

Bundle of axons

Sensory or motor, NOT both

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8
Q

Fasciculus

A

Fascicle or bundle of axons

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9
Q

Lemniscus

A

Ribbon of axons

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10
Q

Comissure

A

consists of axons crossing the midline

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11
Q

Brachium

A

arm like structure

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12
Q

Peduncle

A

foot like structure

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13
Q

Spinal Cord - Gray Matter consists of

A

nerve cell bodies and neuroglia

Nuclei = collections of nerve cell bodies within the spinal cord

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14
Q

Spinal Cord - White Matter consists of

A

mostly myelinated nerve cell bodies with some unmyelinated axons and neuroglia

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15
Q

Axons in spinal cord

A

form bundles referred to as a

Tract, Commissure, Fasciculus

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16
Q

For every neuron in CNS there are ___ neuroglia

A

at least 4

They are supporting cells

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17
Q

Nerves are made up of

A

bundles of axons

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18
Q

Cell bodies in CNS are located in the

A

Gray metter

  • cerbral cortex
  • cerebellar cortex
  • nuclei
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19
Q

Axons in CNS are located in the

A

White matter

  • tracts
  • fascicul
  • lemnisci
  • commissures
  • brachii
  • peduncles
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20
Q

Cell bodies in PNS are located in the

A

Ganglia

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21
Q

Axons in PNS are lcoated in the

A

Nerves

Plexuses

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22
Q

PNS is made up of

A

12 CN pairs
31 spinal nerve pairs
Plexuses
Ganglia

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23
Q

The PNS anatomically does what

A

connects and keeps the CNS in touch with the outside environment and the internal body environment

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24
Q

PNS conveys

A
  1. Sensory input from environment and internal body parts via neural impulses from sensory receptors to CNS
  2. Neural impulses from motor system in CNS to effector organs (muscles/glands)
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25
Nerves are
Bundles of nerve cell axons that contain myelinated and unmyelinated axons
26
PNS consists of ___ fibers
20 million sensory fibers and a few million motor fibers
27
Nerve plexus is a
network of nerves
28
Examples of plexuses
``` Cervical Brachial Lumbar Sacral Periarterial ANS ```
29
Ganglia
Collections of nerve cell bodies in the PNS
30
Sensory ganglia
Cranial nerve sensory ganglia | Dorsal root ganglia
31
Autonomic ganglia
Sympathetic (trunk) | Parasympathetic (ganglia associated with CN and intramural ganglia located within wall of viscera
32
Functionally NS is divided into
Voluntary NS | Involuntary NS
33
Voluntary NS
somatic motor system, influences skeletal muscles and includes motor pathways and nerves that control muscles for movement
34
Involuntary NS
autonomic NS = visceral motor system, influences smooth muscle, cardiac muscle or glands and includes part of the nervous system that is automated
35
Components of the voluntary and involuntary NS are located in
CNS and PNS
36
ANS is divided into
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic NS
37
Sympathetic NS
involved in the fight or flight response connects with thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord T1-L2/3 Referred to as the thoracolumbar outflow
38
Parasympathetic NS
Maintains homeostasis Cranial outflow connects with the brain through CN 3, 7, 9, 10 Sacral outflow connects with spinal cord through sacral spinal nerves S2,3,4 Referred to as the craniosacral outflow
39
NS contains two classes of cells
Neurons | Neuroglia
40
Neuron =
basic anatomical and functional unit of NS | Is irritable and relays nerve impulses to other nerve cells, muscles cells, or gland cells
41
Neuron consists of
Dendrites Cell Body Axon
42
Dendrites
form the receptive part of neuron
43
Cell Body
metabolic center of the cell, contains organelles
44
Axon
Conducts impulses away from cell body to axon terminals
45
Neurons communicate at
synapses
46
Neuroglia =
cells that provide physical and physiological support to neurons they do NOT conduct nerve impulses
47
Cutaneous
Skin | Skin receives sensory and autonomic innervation
48
Nerve fiber
refers to a dendrite or axon of a neuron
49
Pathway
a sequence of usually 2-3 neurons that relays a particular type of info
50
Sensory Pathway
relays sensory input (pain,temp,touch, vibratory,position) from body to CNS
51
Motor Pathway
relays motor info about movement from CNS to skeletal muscles
52
Long ascending tract
bundle of sensory neuron axons
53
Long descending tract
bundle of motor neuron axons
54
Ipsilateral
on the same side
55
Contralateral
on the opposite side
56
Decussation
crossing of axons from one side of NS to the opposite side
57
Commissural fibers
Axons that arise from one side of the spinal cord or brain and cross the midline, to the opposite side Allow communication btw two sides
58
Association fibers
Axons that connect diff parts of same cerebral hemisphere | originate in one lobe and terminate in another but within the same cerebral hemisphere
59
A spinal nerve consists of
1. Dorsal root 2. Ventral root 3. dorsal and ventral unite to give you spinal nerve 4. Spinal nerves innervate structures of neck and body
60
Dorsal Root
Contains sensory fibers Fibers relay touch, pressure, pain, or temp sensation from body to dorsal horm of spinal cord Fibers that relay proprioception from muscles and joints, vibratory sense and discriminatory (fine) touch from skin to dorsal columns of spinal cord DIsplays swelling, DRG
61
Ventral Root
Contains motor fibers Skeletal motor fibers that innervate skeletal muscle Visceral motor (autonomic) fibers that innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glands
62
The motor cortex controls movement in
the opposite side of the body
63
The sensory cortex receives sensory information from the
opposite side of the body
64
The cerebellum controls the
ipsilateral side of body
65
Telencephalon
2 cerebral hemispheres covered by - Cerebral cortex - Basal ganglia
66
Cerebral cortex
is organized into lobes is involved in conscious perception, processing of sensory information, sensory integration and the planning phase and execution of voluntary movement
67
Basal ganglia
are involved in the initiation and subconscious control of movement
68
Diencephalon
Epithalamus Thalamus Hypothalamus Subthalamus
69
Epithalamus
includes the pineal gland which is involved in the circadian rhythms
70
Thalamus
is a relay nucleus of the sensory and motor systems
71
Hypothalamus
integrates endocrine and autonomic function
72
Subthalamus
is involved in the subconscious control of movement
73
Mesencephalon
Mdbrain | Reflex center for visual and auditory system
74
Metencephalon
Pons | Cerebellum - coordination of voluntary movement
75
Myelencephalon
Medulla
76
Brainstem is made up of
Midbrain, pons, medulla
77
Brainstem houses centers for
respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure essential for life Also involved in reflexes - protective
78
Spinal cord receives
sensory info from body and relays it to higher brain centers Also relays motor info from brain to muscle and visceral motor centers and glands Also involved in reflexes that occur independent of the brain

Neuroanatomy Exam 1 (9 decks)

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