Organization of the Body Flashcards
cell
basic unit of all living things
cytoplasm
gel-like fluid inside the cell
cell membrane
forms the boundary of the cell
nucleus
largest structure within the cell, usually spherical and centrally located. It contains chromosomes for cellular reproduction and is the control center for cellular activity
chromosomes
located in the nucleus of the cell. There are 46 chromosomes in all normal human cells, with the exception of mature sex cells, which have 23
genes
regions within the chromosome. Each chromosome has several thousand genes that determine hereditary characteristics
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid; comprises each gene; genetic material that regulates the activities of the cell
tissue
group of similar cells that performs a specific function
nervous tissue
similarly specialized cells united in the performance of a particular function; found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain. It is responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities
muscle tissue
composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement
connective tissue
connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures. Adipose (fat) tissues, osseous (bone) tissues, and blood are types of connective tissue
fibrous tissue
a type of connective tissue that provides strength and stability such as in ligaments and tendons
glandular tissue
designed to secrete substances such as digestive enzymes
epithelial tissue
the major covering of the external surface of the body; forms membranes that line body cavities and organs; and is the major tissue in glands
organ
two or more types of tissues that together perform special body functions
