organizational psych ch1 & ch3

Question 1

organizational behavior

Answer 1

focused on understanding, explaining and improving attitudes of individual and groups in organizations

Question 2

organization

Answer 2

structured arrangement of people working together to accomplish specific goals

Question 3

human capital

Answer 3

peoples skills, knowledge, experience and general attitudes

Question 4

tangible resources

Answer 4

physical assets such as equipment, property and inventory

Question 5

intangible resources

Answer 5

organization’s reputation and culture, its relationships with customers, and the trust between managers and coworkers

Question 6

3 aspects of human capital

Answer 6

value, rareness and inimitability

Question 7

value

Answer 7

way employees work toward goals to achieve competitive advantages

Question 8

rareness

Answer 8

skills and talents of organizations people that are unique to the industry

Question 9

inimitability

Answer 9

degree to which skills and talents of employees can be emulated

Question 10

human skills

Answer 10

work with colleagues well

Question 11

emotional intelligence

Answer 11

anticipate and respond to emotions

Question 12

conceptual skills

Answer 12

understand organization as a whole

Question 13

critical thinking

Answer 13

observe, interpret, analyze, evaluate, explain

Question 14

evidence based management

Answer 14

ability to translate research into practice

-disciplined application of most relevant scientific evidence

Question 15

open systems theory

Answer 15

the assumption that organizations are systems that interact with their environments to obtain resources or inputs and transform into outputs returned to the environment for consumption

Question 16

organizational behavior challenges and opportunities

Answer 16

economic factors, globalization, people skills, innovation and change, sustainability, customer service, diversity

Question 17

globalization

Answer 17

process by which the world has become increasingly interconnected through trade, culture, technology and politics

Question 18

economic factors

Answer 18

recessions and financial crises effect the workplace

Question 19

workforce diversity

Answer 19

encouraging organizations to foster inclusive working environments that do not discriminate against employees regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, age, sexual orientation or disability

Question 20

customer service

Answer 20

customer-responsive cultures to meet the increasing needs and changing demands of customer bases

Question 21

people skills

Answer 21

ability to communicate and interact with others in order to work harmoniously with colleagues

Question 22

affects

Answer 22

range of feelings in form of emotions and mood that people experience

Question 23

emotions

Answer 23

intense feelings directed at a specific object or person

Question 24

mood

Answer 24

less intense and more generalized feelings of mind

Question 25

positive affect

Answer 25

a mood dimension that consists of emotions such as excitement, self-assurance and cheerfulness as the high end and boredom, sluggishness and tiredness at the low end

Question 26

negative affect

Answer 26

mood dimension consists of emotions such as nervousness, stress and anxiety at the high end and relaxation, tranquility and poises at the low end

Question 27

emotional contagion

Answer 27

when emotions experienced by one or more individuals in a work group spread to others

Question 28

emotional labor

Answer 28

the process of managing our feelings so that we present positive emotions even when they are contrary to our actual feelings

Question 29

emotional dissonance

Answer 29

discrepancy between emotions you display and emotions you feel

Question 30

surface acting

Answer 30

suppress true feelings and display desirable ones

Question 31

deep acting

Answer 31

change emotions to match required emotions

Question 32

display rules

Answer 32

basic norms that govern which emotions should be displayed and which should be suppressed

Question 33

emotion regulation

Answer 33

processes through which people influence their own emotions and ways they experience and express them

Question 34

antecedent focused strategies

Answer 34

help to prevent strong emotional responses when we are confronted with certain situations -before emotional response fully triggered

Question 35

situation selection

Answer 35

choose or avoid situations that have the potential to generate certain emotional responses

Question 36

situation modification

Answer 36

involves altering a situation to change its emotional impact

Question 37

attention deployment

Answer 37

consists of refocusing your attention to an area of a situation that results in a more positive emotional outcome

Question 38

cognitive change

Answer 38

reassess an event or situation to see the bigger picture and bring about a more positive emotional reaction

Question 39

response-focused strategies

Answer 39

preventing emotion from becoming too intense

Question 40

reappraisal

Answer 40

reevaluating potentially emotional situation in a more objective way

Question 41

suppression

Answer 41

consciously mask inward emotional reactions with more positive or neutral behavioral responses

Question 42

emotional intelligence

Answer 42

ability to understand emotions of ourselves and others

Question 43

self awareness

Answer 43

understand own emotions

Question 44

self management

Answer 44

ability to control and regulate emotions and impulses

Question 45

social awareness

Answer 45

skills in perceiving, empathizing with, and reacting appropriately to the emotions of others

Question 46

relationship management

Answer 46

ability to manage the emotions of others to build strong and healthy relationships with them

Question 47

attitudes

Answer 47

learned tendency to consistently respond positively or negatively to people or events

Question 48

cognitive appraisal

Answer 48

person's underlying beliefs, opinions, information and knowledge about a specific object, person or event

Question 49

affective evaluation

Answer 49

reflects a person's positive or negative feelings toward a specific object, person or event

Question 50

behavioral intention

Answer 50

perceived likelihood that someone will behave in a particular way toward a specific object, person or event

Question 51

cognitive dissonance

Answer 51

stress and discomfort when facing inconsistency among beliefs, attitudes, values and behaviors

Question 52

cognitive dissonance reduction

Answer 52

- change behavior - change belief/attitude - rationalize the inconsistency

Question 53

job satisfaction

Answer 53

degree to which an individual feels positive or negative about a job

Question 54

employee engagement

Answer 54

a connection with the organization and passion for one's job

Question 55

organizational commitment

Answer 55

relationship of employee with the organization and tendency to continue that relationship

Question 56

organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)

Answer 56

discretionary and voluntary behavior that is not a part of the employee's specific role requirements and is not formally rewarded

Question 57

counterproductive work behaviors (CWB)

Answer 57

voluntary behaviors that purposefully disrupt or harm the organization

Question 58

stress

Answer 58

environmental stimuli that place demands on individuals

Question 59

challenge stressors

Answer 59

workload, job demands, job complexity and deadlines | -positively related to motivation and performance

Question 60

hindrance stressors

Answer 60

inhibit progress toward objectives such as role ambiguity, conflict, hassles, red tape and highly political environments -negatively related to motivation and performance

Question 61

physiological element to distress

Answer 61

manifested as negative physical health effects

Question 62

psychological element to distress

Answer 62

negative attitudes and emotions that lower job satisfaction

Question 63

job burnout

Answer 63

emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and loss of interest | -ongoing exposure to high levels of stressors

Question 64

eustress

Answer 64

moderate levels of stressors that have constructive and positive effects on effort and performance

Question 65

distress

Answer 65

high levels of stressors that have destructive and negative effects on effort and performance

Question 66

coping

Answer 66

effort to manage, reduce or minimize stressors

Question 67

problem-focused coping

Answer 67

reducing or eliminating stressors by attempting to understand the problem and seeking practical ways in which to resolve it

Question 68

emotion focused coping

Answer 68

effort to try to change a person's emotional reaction to a stressor by using positive language and distracting techniques