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Flashcards in organnelles of Eukaryotic cells Deck (30)
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1
Q

What is the structure of the nuclear envelope?

A

double membrane

2
Q

What is the nuclear envelope made of?

A

lipids

3
Q

What does the nuclear envelope do?

A

encase the genetic information

4
Q

What does the nucleus do?

A

stores genomes for the transport of information and instructions for protein syntheses

5
Q

What is the nucleolus?

A

an area if the nucleus where there is RNA and chromatin, and where ribosomes are made

6
Q

What does the plasma membrane do?

A

regulates which molecules are allowed to enter and exit the cell using a semi-permeable membrane

7
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

a gel like matrix containing orgennelles

8
Q

How is the rough endoplasmic recticlum organised and structured?

A

it is studded with chromosomes and organised into cisternae to increase the surface are

9
Q

What dose the RER do?

A

synthesizes proteins that are secreted

10
Q

What are ribosomes made from?

A

rRNA

11
Q

Where are robosomes made?

A

the nucleolus

12
Q

What is the structure of ribosomes?

A

2 sub-units

13
Q

What do ribosomes that are part of the RER do?

A

synthesis proteins e.g neurotransmitters

14
Q

What do ribsomes that are ‘free’ do?

A

synthesizes protein in the cell

15
Q

Who is the smooth endoplasmic recticlum organised?

A

in cisternae

16
Q

What does the SER do?

A

involved in lipid metabolism, synthesis, transportation to the gut and absorption. Also the synthesis of cholesterol and steroid hormones.

17
Q

What does the golgi apparatus do?

A

protien modofication

18
Q

How does the golgi apparatus modify proteins?

A

adding, folding, packaging

19
Q

What is the structure if the mitochondria?

A

organised into cisternae (folded membrane) and matrix (spaces)

20
Q

What is the mitochondria involved in?

A

ATP production (aerobic respiration)

21
Q

What is the structure and organisation of centrioles?

A

2 bundles of micro-tubules arranged at 90 degrees

22
Q

What are centrioles made of?

A

tublin

23
Q

What are centrioles used for?

A

palling apart replicated chromosomes in mitosis (mitotic spindle) and the formation of cilia and undulipodia

24
Q

What do lysosomes contain?

A

hydrolytic enzymes (break down using hydrolysis)

25
Q

Where are lysosomes formed?

A

the golgi

26
Q

What do cilia, flagella and undulipia contain?

A

microtubules

27
Q

What is the cell wall made of?

A

cellulose

28
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

to support the cell

29
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

to carry out photosynthesis

30
Q

What is the structure of chloroplasts?

A

double membrane, stoma (spaces that are fluid filled containing proteins), ganum (stack) made of (singulars) thylohoids connected by intergranal lamellae, chlorophyll (loops of DNA and starch granules)