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Human Biology - Human Body Systems - Level 4 > Organs and Tissues - Connective & Nerve > Flashcards

Organs and Tissues - Connective & Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

Which tissue is most abundant in the body?

A

Connective

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2
Q

Connective Tissue

Primary functions:

A

Protecting
Supporting
Binding together

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3
Q

Types of Connective Tissue

A

Bone, Blood, Cartilage Connective Tissue (dense and loose)

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4
Q

Characteristics of Connective Tissue

A
  • Highly Vascular (except cartilage)
  • Cells widely scattered
  • Considerable extracellular material (matrix)
  • Contain immature cells (-blasts) which secrete matrix.
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5
Q

Extracellular Matrix

What is it?

A

Ground substance and fibres.

Fibre strengthen and support tissue.

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6
Q

Extracellular Matrix

Three types of fibres

A

Collagen
Elastic
Reticular

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7
Q

Extracellular Matrix
Characteristics

Collagen Fibres

A

Flexible, but non-elastic

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8
Q

Extracellular Matrix
Characteristics

Elastic Fibres

A

Easily stretched but return to original length when stretching stops.

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9
Q

Extracellular Matrix
Characteristics

Reticular Fibres

A

Thin, branching networks.

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10
Q

Bone summarised

A

Hard, rigid matrix.

Many collagen fibres.

Impregnated with inorganic salts e.g. CaCO3

Cells widely spaced, sit in lucunae.

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11
Q

Blood summarised

A

Liquid connective tissue

Intracellular substance - plasma

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12
Q

Cartilage

Three types:

A

Hyaline cartilage (e.g. nose, trachea)

Elastic cartilage (e.g. external part of ear)

Fibrocartilage (e.g. intervertebral discs)

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13
Q

What does all cartilage contain?

A

All contain chondrocytes (formed from chondroblasts) suspended in matrix.

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14
Q

Types of loose connective tissue

A

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

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15
Q

What is loose connective tissue?

A

Open irregular arrangement of fibres.

Large amount of ground substance.

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16
Q

Loose connective tissue

General

Areolar

A

Forms subcutaneous layer attracting skin to tissues and organs.

17
Q

Loose connective tissue

General

Adipose

A

Fat, insulator and energy store.

18
Q

Loose connective tissue

General

Reticular

A

Forms framework of liver, spleen and lymph nodes.

19
Q

Dense Connective Tissue

Defined

A

Compact arrangement of fibres.

Limited amount of ground substance.

Relatively fewer cells.

20
Q

Dense Connective Tissue

Types

A

Dense regular
Dense irregular
Elastic

21
Q

Dense Connective Tissue

Dense Regular

General

A

Parallel fibres
Very strong

e.g. tendons

22
Q

Dense Connective Tissue

Dense Irregular

General

A

Irregular fibres
Strong

e.g. dermis

23
Q

Dense Connective Tissue

Elastic

General

A

Allows stretching

e.g. lungs

24
Q

Functions of Muscle Tissue

A

Produce movement
Control / direct flow
Produce heat

25
Q

Dense Connective Tissue

Three types

A

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac.

26
Q

Myofibril

General

A
  • Basic rod like unit of muscle

- Contain many chains of myofibrils

27
Q

What are myofibrils composed of?

A

Long proteins

e.g. actin and myosin

28
Q

Myofibril

What is muscle composed? of?

A

Tubular cells

Myocytes

29
Q

Myofibril

How do muscles contract?

A

Sliding the thin (actin) and thick (myosin) filaments along each other.

30
Q

Skeletal Muscle

General

A

Attached to bones

Striated

Under voluntary control

31
Q

Cardiac Muscle

General

A 
Only found in the heart
Striated
Involuntary 
Fibres have one nucleus
Cells attach end to end by intercalated discs.
32
Q

Smooth Muscle

General

A

Involuntary movement of internal organs.

Walls of blood vessels, stomach, intestines.

Not striated.

33
Q

Nervous System

What is it made up of?

A

Made up of two cell types.

Neurons and neuroglia (glial)

50x more glial cells than neurons.

34
Q

Nervous System

Functions

A

Sense stimuli

Conduct impulses

35
Q

Nervous System

Three basic types:

A

Motor neuron
Sensory neurons
Interneurons

Human Biology - Human Body Systems - Level 4 (6 decks)

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