Organs of GI Tract Part 1

Question 1

Organs of GI Tract

Answer 1

esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
anal canal

Question 2

Associated organs of GI Tract

Answer 2

spleen
pancreas
liver
gall bladder

Question 3

Where is the transpyloric plane?

Answer 3

at L1

passes thru pyloric region of stomach & 1st part of duodenum

Question 4

Where is the subcostal plane?

Answer 4

at L2/L3

passes inferior to costal margin (rib 10)

Question 5

Where is the transtubercular plane?

Answer 5

at L5

passes thru iliac tubercles

Question 6

Where is the interspinous plane?

Answer 6

at S2

passes thru ASIS

Question 7

What does the semi-lunar plane pass through?

Answer 7

lateral border of rectus adominius muscle

Question 8

What is the cardiac notch?

Answer 8

separates the esophagus from the fundus of the stomach

Question 9

Where is the esophagus located?

Answer 9

passes thru esophageal hiatus (in diaphragm) @ T10 to enter abdomen & turns left of midline to enter stomach

Question 10

Where does the esophagus enter the stomach?

Answer 10

@ T11 at cardiac orifice

Question 11

What is the role of the inferior esophageal sphincter?

Answer 11

a PHYSIOLOGIC sphincter where esophagus meets stomach

closed by diaphragm

Question 12

What are the 3 esophageal constrictions?

Answer 12

cervical constriction (C6) where UES is located

thoracic constriction (where esophagus passes posterior to aorta & L main bronchi)

diaphragmatic constriction (where esophagus passes thru esophageal hiatus)

Question 13

What is a para-esophageal hiatal hernia?

Answer 13

fundus of stomach herniates thru diaphragm into mediastinum

peritoneum & fundus of stomach are anterior to esophagus

Question 14

What is a sliding hiatal hernia?

Answer 14

cardia & fundus of stomach herniate thru esophageal hiatus into esophagus

occurs when pt lies down or bends over

Question 15

In what type of hiatal hernia does regurgitation occur?

Answer 15

sliding hiatal hernia

Question 16

Where is the stomach located?

Where is the L end of the stomach located?

Where is the R end of the stomach located?

Answer 16

in both RUQ & LUQ

L end fixed @ T10-T11

R end fixed @ L1 (pyloric end)

Question 17

Cardia of the stomach

Answer 17

connected to esophagus above & body of stomach below

Question 18

Fundus of stomach

Answer 18

is superior to cardiac orifice (jxn w/ esophagus) @ level of rib 5

rests against L side of diaphragm

Question 19

Body of stomach

Answer 19

portion btwn fundus & pylorus

Question 20

Pylorus of stomach

Answer 20

btwn body of stomach & duodenum

Question 21

Role of pyloric sphincter

Answer 21

normally closed & regulates flow of food into duodenum

Question 22

What attaches at the greater curvature of the stomach?

Answer 22

along inferior border is where greater omentum attaches

Question 23

What attaches on the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Answer 23

lesser omentum attaches to superior border of stomach

Question 24

What is anterior to the stomach?

Answer 24

abdominal wall
L costal margin
diaphgram
L lobe of liver

Question 25

What is superior to the stomach?

Answer 25

left dome of diaphragm

Question 26

What is posterior to the stomach?

Answer 26

``` diaphragm spleen L suprarenal gland L upper kidney pancreas transverse colon transverse mesocolon omental bursa ```

Question 27

To where does the transverse mesocolon attach?

Answer 27

to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 28

Truncal vagotomy

Answer 28

will disrupt nerve supply to all stomach plus most of GI tract & liver transect portion of vagus N to reduce HCl production in stomach

Question 29

Proximal gastric vagotomy

Answer 29

disrupts branches of vagus N going ONLY to stomach

Question 30

Selective proximal vagotomy

Answer 30

specifically disrupts branches of vagus N going to area of stomach where PARIETAL CELLS are located parietal cells @ fundus & cardia (produce HCl)

Question 31

Where is the duodenum located?

Answer 31

begins @ pylorus & ends at duodenojejunal junction (@ L2)

Question 32

What does the duodenum connect to?

Answer 32

connected with common bile duct & pancreatic duct

Question 33

Describe location & course of 1st part of duodenum

Answer 33

intraperitoneal-travels superior & posterior to R from stomach assoc w/ hepatoduodenal L (containing portal v, hepatic A, & common bile duct)

Question 34

What is the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

Answer 34

union of common bile duct & pancreatic duct that enters 2nd portion of duodenum as major duodenal papilla

Question 35

What is anterior, medial, lateral, and posterior to 2nd portion of duodenum?

Answer 35

anterior=gall bladder, R lobe of liver & transverse colon medial=head of pancreas lateral=R colic flexure, asc colon, R lobe of liver posterior=R kidney & ureter

Question 36

What regulates flow thru major duodenal papilla?

Answer 36

hepatopancreatic sphincter

Question 37

Which portions of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?

Answer 37

2nd, 3rd & 4th

Question 38

What is anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior to 3rd portion of duodenum?

Answer 38

anterior=root of the mesentery (w/ superior mesenteric vessels) posterior=R ureter, R psoas m, IVC, aorta superior=head of pancreas inferior=coils of jejunum

Question 39

What is posterior to the 4th part of the duodenum?

Answer 39

``` L crus of diaphram L psoas major m L sympathetic trunk L renal vessels L gonadal vessels L supra renal v inferior mesenteric v ```

Question 40

What is the ligament of Treitz?

Answer 40

attaches 4th part of duodenum to posterior abdominal wall widens opening of portion of duodenum that enters into jejunum & anchors it to R crus of diaphragm

Question 41

What is to the right, to left, and superior to 4th portion of duodenum?

Answer 41

right=uncinate process of pancreas left=L kidney & ureter superior=body of pancreas

Question 42

When can the ligament of Treitz be torn?

Answer 42

can be torn from high speed collision causes internal bleeding

Question 43

Where is the jejunum located? What is the blood supply?

Answer 43

LUQ (intraperitoneal) arterial arcades w/ long vasa recta

Question 44

Where is the ileum located? What is the blood supply?

Answer 44

RLQ (intraperitoneal) arterial arcades w/ short vasa recta

Question 45

What does the mesentery overlay?

Answer 45

crosses 3rd & 4th part of duodenum, abdominal aorta, IVC, R ureter, R psoas major m & R gonadal vessels

Question 46

What supports the ileum & jejunum?

Answer 46

the mesentery (attaches to post body wall) more fat in mesentery to jejunum compared to ileum