Organs of the GI tract Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the three parts of the small intestine?
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
What are the six parts of large intestine?
cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
What planes is the esophagus in?
T10-T11
What plane is the stomach in?
T11
What plane is the pylorus in?
L1
What ligament attaches the esophagus to the diaphragm?
phrenico-esophageal ligament
What are the 3 esophageal constrictions?
cervical, thoracic, diaphragmatic
What is the esophageal hiatus?
its an opening in the diaphragm through which esophagus and vagus nerve pass
What is a hiatal hernia?
when abdominal structures enter the thorax
What is a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?
When the fundus protrudes into the thorax; normal GEJ
What is a sliding hiatal hernia?
GEJ displaced superiorly; cardia protrudes; hourglass stomach
What are the four regions of the stomach?
Cardia, fundus, body, pyloric antrum
What does the stomach relate with anteriorly?
diaphragm, left lobe of liver, anterior abdominal wall
What does the stomach relate with infero-laterally
transverse colon
What does the stomach relate to posteriorly?
diaphragm, spleen, left upper kidney and suprarenal gland pancreas omental bursa
What are the ligaments associated with the stomach?
gastrohepatic ligament connects less curvature to the liver (gastric vessels)
Gastrocolic ligament connects greater curvature to transverse colon (gastroepiploic vessels, greater omentum)
Where do gastric ulcers happen? Where do duodenal ulcers happen?
stomach; pylorus or duodenum
What are the complications of a gastric ulcer?
lesser curvature ulcer can cause hemorrhage from left gastric a.
What are the complications of a duodenal ulcer?
hemorrhage from gastroduodenal a. for posterior ulcers in 1st part of duodenum
ulcer in 1st part of duodenum can also cause adhesions with Gb, liver
anterior ulcer can perforate into peritoneal space
pancreas may be affected
What is a vagotomy? What are the different sites of surgical section of nerve?
surgical treatment for GERD;
truncal, selective gastric, selective proximal vagotomy
What is the ligament associated with the duodenum? What does it do?
the ligament of treitz; suspends duodenum to esophagus
Where are the follow organs located in regards to the duodenum?
- gallbladder
- pylorus
- Transverse colon
- right kidney
- Jejunum
- anteriorly
- medially
- anteriorly
- posteriorly
- anterosuperiorly
Which quadrant is most of the jejunum located? Ileum?
Left upper quadrant; Right lower quadrant
What is the difference between the jejunum and ileum in reference to the:
- vasa recta
- arcades
- circular folds
- lymphoid nodules
- jejunum has long vasa recta, a few large loops of arcades, large, tall, and closely packed circular folds and few lymph nodules
- ileum has short vasa recta, many short loops, low and sparse circular folds and many lymph nodules
