Orientation to the Human Body Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
toward the head or upper part of a structure is?
A
superior
2
Q
between two structures (on lateral and one medial) is?
A
intermediate
3
Q
toward or on the surface of the body is?
A
superficial
4
Q
lying face up is?
A
supine
5
Q
toward the midline of the body or a structure is?
A
medial
6
Q
toward the tail is?
A
caudal
7
Q
divides the body or a structure into equal left and right?
A
midsagittal plane
8
Q
divides the body or a structure into front and back?
A
frontal plane
9
Q
divides the body or a structure into upper and lower?
A
horizontal plane
10
Q
movement in the frontal plane away from anatomical position is?
A
ab-duction
11
Q
return of the extremities or the trunk from flexion is?
A
extension
12
Q
rotation of the extremities, away from the midline is?
A
lateral rotation
13
Q
lateral rotation of the forearm is?
A
supination
14
Q
lying face down is?
A
prone
15
Q
name the five functions of bone.
A
structure, support, levers for movement, protection for organs/marrow, blood cell production, and mineral storage
16
Q
the crystallized extracellular matrix of osseous tissue is made of?
A
collagen, calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium
17
Q
magnesium is also know as what?
A
mineral salts
18
Q
a fracture in the shaft of the bone results in a break in the?
A
diaphysis
19
Q
define the term Antebrachial
A
the arm between the elbow and the wrist, commonly known as the forearm
20
Q
define the term Cranial
A
the head
21
Q
define the term cytoskeleton
A
the structure of protein filaments and tubules that branch through the cytoplasm to form a strong internal scaffolding for cells.
22
Q
define the tern spinal cavity
A
a cavity that contains the spinal cord
23
Q
the part of the abdomen to the right of the midline and above the umbilicus is the?
A
right upper quadrant
24
Q
supine position is?
A
lying on one’s back
25
define the term Transverse Plane
horizontal plane that divides into superior and inferior segments
26
define the term Nervous Tissue
tissue that is specialized to react to stimuli and conduct impulses to various organs in the body, which then bring a response to the stimulus.
27
define the term Digital
digits, relating to the fingers or toes
28
the term referring to the rib cage is?
thoracic
29
define the term Digestive System
the system of the body that ingests, processes, absorbs food, and eliminates waste products.
30
a structure situated away from the midline of the body is called?
lateral
31
the anterior surface of the hand in anatomical position is the?
palmer surface
32
the part of the abdomen to the left of the midline and below the umbilicus is the?
left lower quadrant
33
what is the study of the human structure?
anatomy
34
define the term Word Elements
aspects, or elements, of greek and latin words that are used for anatomical terms, including their prefixes, roots, and suffixes.
35
pertaining to the anterior or front side of the body; from the latin term "venter" meaning belly; the opposite of dorsal
ventral
36
ribosomes are primarily involved in what?
protein synthesis
37
define the term Cranial Cavity
the cavity of the skull occupied by the brain
38
define the term Prefix (word element)
a word element added to the front of a root to modify its meaning
39
the movement of water across a membrane from an area of low concentration of solutes to a high concentration is called?
osmosis
40
define the term osmosis
diffusion of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.
41
define the term Depression (movement)
| Hint: movement can occur at the mandible, scapula, calvicle, pelvis, and hyoid bone in the sagittal or frontal plane
when a body part moves inferiorly; opposite movement to elevation
42
a fragment or a word that is part of a compound term is called a?
word element
43
define the term Depression
a hollow or concave shape on a part of the body
44
define the term Olecranal
posterior point of the elbow
45
define the term extension
| Hint: opposite movement of flexion
a movement at a joint that takes place in the sagittal plane with the body part moving posteriorly
46
define the term Distal
situated away from the axial body, in limbs
47
define the term Manual
relating to the hand
48
the armpit is more correctly called the?
axilla
49
define the term Ventral
the front or anterior side of the body
50
what is the intracellular site of the aerobic metabolism?
Mitochondria
51
define the term Popliteal
relating to the posterior knee
52
what is the term Patellar referring to?
the anterior knee
53
the kidneys, bladder, and ureters are all parts of this system
urinary system
54
define to term Plasma Membrane
the semipermeable boundary encapsulating all cells; also known as cell membrane
55
define the term Elements
substances that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances
56
define the term Mitochondria
| Hint: energy for the cell
the cellular organelle that produces ATP
57
the prefix "sten" describes a?
narrowing
58
the suffix "algia" refers to any condition of?
pain
59
define the term Cellular Level
the second level of structural orginization of the body where molecules form cells
60
define the term Predisposing Causes
the conditions of the body that make a person likely to experience other symptoms, illnesses, or diseases
61
the microtubule structure of the cell is the?
cytoskeleton
62
define the term Pronation
| Hint: opposite movement to supination
a movement that rotates the forearm so that the palm is facing downward and the radius crosses over the ulna. this happens in the transverse plane.
63
a standing position, feet together, arms at the side, palms facing anteriorly is called?
anatomic position
64
define the term Wellness Model
a plan for decreasing stress, encouraging growth in every facet of life, and finding satisfaction in life's purpose
65
what is the movement of the ankle that brings the dorsal surface of the foot closer to the tibia?
dorsiflexion
66
prone position is?
lying face down
67
small sacs containing enzymes, hormones, or neurotransmitter are?
vesicles
68
the self-reinforcing process where a response to stimuli is maintained until it is no longer needed is called?
positive feedback
69
the movement of the extremities in the frontal plane away from the midline is called?
Ab-duction
70
sternal refers to the?
sternum or breast bone
71
the groin area is referred to as the?
Inguinal region
72
define the term Supine position
laying face up
73
the posterior inferior region of the skull is the?
Occipital region
74
the containment chamber of the brain is the?
Cranial cavity
75
Facilitated diffusion is diffusion that involves?
a carrier molecule
76
frontal bone refers to?
the bone of the forehead
77
define the term Peroneal
lateral lower leg
78
the movement of the scapula or mandible posteriorly is?
retraction
79
define the term Umbilical
the naval or bellybutton
80
the system of glands of internal secretion is the?
endocrine system
81
define the term Contralateral
a comparative term referring to something being on the opposite side of the median of the body
82
the substances formed when atoms and molecules are bound together is called?
a compound
83
define the term Cubital
referring to the elbow
84
define the term Sagittal plane
the vertical plane that divides the body into right and left segments
85
the movement of the extremities in the frontal plane toward the midline is called?
Ad-duction
86
the function of the endoplasmic reticulum is to?
synthesize fats and proteins
87
define the term Tarsal
referring to the ankle
88
define the term Plantar flexion
| Hint: opposite of dorsiflexion
a movement of the foot when the plantar surface of the foot moves inferiorly so the toes are pointed downward. movement occurs in the sagittal plane.
89
what is an anatomical depression?
concave surface
90
define the term Downward rotation
rotating a body part in an inferior direction
91
the term "coxal" refers to what area?
hip area
92
the part of the abdomen to the left of the midline and above the umbilicus is the?
left upper quadrant
93
an anterior movement of a body part in the sagittal plan is usually called?
flexion
94
location on, or movement toward, the opposite side of the body is called?
contralateral
95
define the term Organ system level
a way of considering the body on the level of systems of organs
96
define the term Medial rotation
| Hint: opposite movement of lateral rotation
a movement when the anterior surface of a body part rotates toward the midline of the body. this movement occurs in the transverse plane.
97
define the term Active transport
a cellular transport mechanism that requires energy to move substances against a concentration or pressure gradient
98
the movement of the scapula that points the glenoid cavity upward is?
upward rotation
99
define the term Lateral flexion
a movement in the frontal plane when an axial body part bends to the left or to the right
100
the movement at the intertarsal joints that results in facing the plantar surface of the foot laterally is called?
eversion
101
define the term Left upper quadrant
abdominopelvic cavity located on the left upper region
102
the suffix "itis" signifies
inflammation
103
define the term Inguinal
referring to the groin (anterior hips)
104
in biology, the orbit is referring to what area?
the socket of the eye
105
in anatomy, scapular refers to the?
scapula
106
define the term Lysosomes
small sacs filled with digestive enzymes that break down molecules within a cell
107
define the term Endocrine system
a system comprised of endocrine glands which secrete hormones
108
define the term Passive transport
the cellular transport mechanism that does not require expending energy to move small molecules across the membrane of a cell by diffusion
109
the abnormal condition of the body due to systemic damage by various causes is?
disease
110
define the term Medical dictionary
a reference text for medical terminology, pathology, pharmacology, etc.
