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Origem da vida - Protótipo Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the term for the study of the origin of life?

A

Biogenesis

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2
Q

True or False: The concept of abiogenesis suggests that life can arise from non-living matter.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The primordial soup theory suggests that life began in a __________ environment.

A

aqueous

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4
Q

What are the basic building blocks of life?

A

Cells

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5
Q

Which scientist is known for the Miller-Urey experiment that simulated early Earth conditions?

A

Stanley Miller

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a hypothesis about the origin of life? A) Panspermia B) Spontaneous generation C) Quantum mechanics D) Hydrothermal vents

A

C) Quantum mechanics

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7
Q

What is the significance of RNA in the context of the origin of life?

A

RNA may have been the first genetic material, capable of self-replication.

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8
Q

True or False: The endosymbiotic theory explains how eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells.

A

True

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The process by which complex organic molecules are formed from simpler ones is known as __________.

A

polymerization

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10
Q

What is the role of hydrothermal vents in theories of life’s origin?

A

They may provide the necessary conditions for life to develop.

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11
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following molecules is essential for the formation of cell membranes? A) DNA B) Protein C) Lipids D) Carbohydrates

A

C) Lipids

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12
Q

What is the name of the hypothesis that suggests life may have originated from extraterrestrial sources?

A

Panspermia

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13
Q

True or False: All current life forms share a common ancestor.

A

True

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ hypothesis posits that life began in a hot, acidic environment.

A

iron-sulfur

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15
Q

What is a key characteristic that differentiates living organisms from non-living matter?

A

The ability to reproduce and evolve.

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16
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is considered a precursor to DNA? A) RNA B) Protein C) ATP D) Glucose

A

A) RNA

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17
Q

What is the significance of the ‘RNA world’ hypothesis?

A

It suggests that RNA was the first self-replicating molecule.

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18
Q

True or False: The first living organisms were likely anaerobic and prokaryotic.

A

True

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ theory proposes that life originated from simple organic compounds in the ocean.

A

primordial soup

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20
Q

What is the role of natural selection in the context of the origin of life?

A

Natural selection drives the evolution of species from simple to complex forms.

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21
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms? A) Growth B) Metabolism C) Inertia D) Adaptation

A

C) Inertia

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22
Q

What was the main purpose of the Miller-Urey experiment?

A

To demonstrate that organic molecules could be synthesized from inorganic precursors.

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23
Q

True or False: The endosymbiotic theory suggests that mitochondria were once free-living bacteria.

A

True

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a membrane-bound structure that contains the genetic material of a cell.

A

nucleus

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25
What are extremophiles and why are they relevant to the study of the origin of life?
Extremophiles are organisms that thrive in extreme conditions, providing insights into the potential environments where life could have originated.
26
Multiple Choice: Which molecule is primarily responsible for encoding genetic information? A) RNA B) DNA C) Protein D) Lipids
B) DNA
27
What does the term 'biomolecule' refer to?
Organic molecules that are essential for life, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
28
True or False: The first life forms were multicellular organisms.
False
29
Fill in the blank: The study of how living organisms evolve over time is known as __________.
evolutionary biology
30
What is the significance of the fossil record in understanding the origin of life?
It provides evidence of the different forms of life that existed and how they evolved.
31
Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes abiogenesis? A) Life from life B) Life from non-life C) Life from extraterrestrial sources D) Life from chemicals
B) Life from non-life
32
What is a common method used to date the age of ancient rocks and fossils?
Radiometric dating
33
True or False: All theories of the origin of life agree on the same process.
False
34
Fill in the blank: The concept of __________ suggests that life may have come from outer space.
panspermia
35
What is the role of enzymes in biological processes?
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.
36
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells? A) Nucleus B) Membrane-bound organelles C) Circular DNA D) Multicellularity
C) Circular DNA
37
What is the significance of the Cambrian explosion in the history of life on Earth?
It marks a period of rapid diversification of life forms.
38
True or False: Life on Earth has existed for approximately 3.5 billion years.
True
39
Fill in the blank: The __________ hypothesis suggests that life began in deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
hydrothermal
40
What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.
41
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of biomolecule? A) Carbohydrates B) Proteins C) Metals D) Nucleic acids
C) Metals
42
What is the role of the ozone layer in the context of life's origin?
It protects living organisms from harmful ultraviolet radiation.
43
True or False: The concept of spontaneous generation was widely accepted until the 19th century.
True
44
Fill in the blank: The __________ theory posits that life originated from the interaction of chemicals in the primordial soup.
abiogenesis
45
What is a stromatolite?
A fossilized structure created by the activity of microbial mats.
46
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key component of the cell membrane? A) DNA B) Protein C) Phospholipids D) Glucose
C) Phospholipids
47
What does the term 'molecular evolution' refer to?
The process by which molecular structures change over time through genetic variation and natural selection.
48
True or False: All living organisms require oxygen to survive.
False
49
Fill in the blank: The __________ hypothesis suggests that organic compounds were delivered to Earth via comets or meteorites.
panspermia
50
What is the significance of ribozymes in the study of the origin of life?
Ribozymes are RNA molecules that can catalyze chemical reactions, suggesting RNA could have played an early role in life.
51
Multiple Choice: Which of the following best defines 'biochemical evolution'? A) Evolution of species B) Change in genetic makeup over time C) Evolution of life from non-life D) Change in physical traits
C) Evolution of life from non-life
52
What is a key feature of the earliest known life forms?
They were unicellular and prokaryotic.
53
True or False: The origin of life is a fully understood process with no remaining questions.
False
54
Fill in the blank: The __________ hypothesis suggests that life originated from simple organic compounds formed in space.
extraterrestrial
55
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll absorbs light energy, allowing plants to convert it into chemical energy.
56
Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes is essential for the replication of DNA? A) Translation B) Transcription C) Replication D) Mutation
C) Replication
57
What is the function of a cell's cytoplasm?
The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance that contains organelles and is the site of many metabolic processes.
58
True or False: The first DNA molecules were likely formed from RNA.
True
59
Fill in the blank: The __________ process describes how living organisms adapt to their environment over generations.
evolutionary
60
What is the relationship between genetic variation and evolution?
Genetic variation provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon, driving evolution.
61
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? A) Catalyzing reactions B) Providing structure C) Storing genetic information D) Transporting molecules
C) Storing genetic information
62
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
It proposes that eukaryotic cells originated from symbiotic relationships between different prokaryotic cells.
63
True or False: The theory of evolution explains the diversity of life on Earth.
True
64
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a scientific explanation that has been repeatedly tested and confirmed through observation and experimentation.
theory
65
What is the significance of the fossilized remains of cyanobacteria?
They are among the oldest evidence of life on Earth and indicate the presence of photosynthesis.
66
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life? A) Response to stimuli B) Growth C) Inability to reproduce D) Metabolism
C) Inability to reproduce
67
What is the role of ATP in cells?
ATP serves as the primary energy carrier in cells.
68
True or False: The origin of life is a subject of ongoing research and debate in the scientific community.
True
69
Fill in the blank: The __________ hypothesis suggests that life originated from simple organic molecules through natural processes.
abiogenesis
70
What is the significance of the genetic code?
It determines how sequences of nucleotides in DNA are translated into proteins.
71
Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes is responsible for the synthesis of proteins? A) Replication B) Transcription C) Translation D) Mutation
C) Translation
72
What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
A catalyst accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.
73
True or False: All living organisms perform cellular respiration.
False
74
Fill in the blank: The __________ theory proposes that life may have originated from organic compounds formed in space.
extraterrestrial
75
What is the main function of ribosomes in cells?
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
76
Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes a virus? A) Living organism B) Non-living particle C) Prokaryotic cell D) Eukaryotic cell
B) Non-living particle
77
What is the role of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
78
True or False: The first life forms were likely heterotrophic, relying on external sources of organic compounds.
True
79
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a process by which organisms change over time through adaptation.
evolution
80
What is the significance of the discovery of ribozymes?
It supports the idea that RNA could have played a crucial role in the early stages of life.
81
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a type of nucleic acid? A) Glucose B) RNA C) Fatty acid D) Amino acid
B) RNA
82
What is the primary role of carbohydrates in living organisms?
Carbohydrates provide energy and serve as structural components.
83
True or False: The study of the origin of life is a well-established field with all answers known.
False
84
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the basic unit of life.
cell

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