Origin-Insertion-Action Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
M. Temporalis
A
Origin: from fossa temporalis and its borders:
- Linea temporalis.
- Crista saggitslis externa.
- Crista nuchea.
- Dorsal edge of arcus zygomaticus.
Insertion: processus coronoideus of os mandibulae.
Action: Raises os mandibulae, closes jaw.
2
Q
M. Massater
A
Origin: ventral border of arcus zygomaticus
[It has three intersecting layers]
Insertion: fossa massaterica of os mandibulae
Action: closes jaw
3
Q
M. Digastricus
A
Origin: processus paracondylaris of os occipitalis.
Insertion: Margo ventralis-ventralis medialis of os mandibulae.
Action: opens mouth.
4
Q
M. Pterygoideus medialis
A
Origin: fossa pterygopalatina (from sphenoid, palatine and pterygoid bone)
Insertion: fossa pterygoidea (medially, below foramen mandibulae)
Action: grinding movements, closes jaw
5
Q
M. Pterygoideus lateralis
A
Origin: ventral to canalis alaris and fissura orbitalis from sphenoid bone.
Insertion: fovea pterygoidea (medially, next to the processus condylaris of os mandibulae).
Action: grinding movements, closes jaw.
6
Q
M. Sternocephalicus (of M. Sternocleidomastoideus)
A
Origin: manubrium sterni.
Insertion:
- M. Sternomastoideus - mastoid part of os temporale.
- M. Sternooccipitalis - crista nuchae of os occipitalis.
Action: unilateral contraction draws head and neck to one side (lateralo-ventral flexion), bilateral contraction draws head down.
7
Q
M. Brachiocephalicus (of M. Sternocleidomastoideus)
A
- M. Cleidobrachialis
Origin: distal - cranial surface of humerus and crista humeri.
Insertion: Intersactio clavicularis. - M. Cleidocephalicus
Origin: on intersectio clavicularis.
Insertion: * M. Cleidomastoideus - mastoid part of os temporale.
* M. Cleidocervicalis - raphe cervisis (dorsal midline) over cranial half of neck.
Action: If forelimb is fixed - unilateral contraction of the muscle moves head into the lateral direction. Bilateral contraction fixes head and neck (or bends downward).
If limb is free (it’s in an elevated position)- it will move forelimb cranially.
8
Q
M. Omotransversarius
A
Origin: distal part of spina scapulae, then runs under M. Sternocleidomastoideus.
Insertion: caudal border of ala atlantis (also called processus transversus, on C1)
Action: if limb is free - draws shoulder cranially.
If limb is fixed - flexes neck laterally.
9
Q
M. Splenius
A
Origin: from processus spinosous of Th1-3 vertebrae, caudal end of lig. nuchae, raphe cervicis, and by an aponeurosis from cranial border of fascia thoracolumbalis.
Insertion: crista nuchae & mastoid part of os temporale.
Action: extends neck and raises head. Unilateral contraction draws head laterally.
10
Q
M. Serratus dorsalis cranialis
A
Origin: fascia thoracolumbalis by a broad aponeurosis & processus spinosus on Th1-7 vertebrae.
Insertion: proximally on ribs 2-10.
Action: inspiratory muscle.
11
Q
M. Semispinalis capitis
A
Origin: * M. Biventer cervicis - from processus transversus of Th2-4 vertebrae & firmly connected to the median fibrous raphe, contains several intersectiones tendineae (tendinous inscriptions).
* M. Complexus - from processus articularis caudalis of C3-Th1 vertebrae.
Insertion: Both muscles attaches on os occipitale (crista nuchae, protuberentia occipitalis external)
Action: Billaterally - extends neck.
Unilaterally - flexes head and neck laterally.
12
Q
M. Scalenus dorsalis
A
Origin: from processus transversus on C4-C6 vertebrae.
Insertion: M. Scalenus dorsalis has two muscular parts, inserting on Margo cranialis of the os costae -
- The dorsally situated on the first four ribs.
- The ventrally situated is longer and inserts on the first to eight-nine ribs.
Action: helps in inspiration.
Bilateral contraction - flexes neck ventrally.
Unilateral contraction - flexes neck laterally.
13
Q
M. Scalenus medius.
Also called - M. Scalenus primae costae
A
Origin: from processus transversus of C6-C7 vertebrae.
Insertion: Margo cranialis of the first rib.
(Also called - M. Scalenus primae costae)
Action: helps in inspiration.
Bilateral contraction - flexes neck ventrally.
Unilateral contraction - flexes neck laterally.
14
Q
M. Serratus dorsalis caudalis
A
Origin: Caudally on superficial layer of fascia thoracolumbalis.
Insertion: proximal part of ribs 11-13.
Action: expiration.
15
Q
M. Rectus thoracis
A
Origin: first rib.
Insertion: ventral ends of ribs 2-4.
Action: inspiration.
16
Q
M. Retractor costae ultimae
A
Origin: processus transversus of L1-4 vertebrae & caudal part of fascia thoracolumbalis over lumbar site.
Insertion: Margo caudalis of the last rib.
Action: expiration.
17
Q
Mm. Levatores costarum
A
Origin: processus transversus of Th1-12 vertebrae.
Insertion: Margo cranialis of ribs near their annulus costae.
Covered by erector spinae muscles.
Action: inspiration.
18
Q
M. Transversus thoracis
A
Origin: inner surface of sternum, close to midline.
Insertion: cartilago costalis on 2-8th ribs, ventral to costochondral junctions.
Action: expiration.
19
Q
Mm. Intercostales
A
Origin & insertion:
- M. Intercostalis externus - muscle fibers run caudoventrally (\)
- From Margo caudalis of one rib to Margo cranialis of the next rib.
- M. Intercostalis internus - muscle fibers run cranioventrally (///)
- from Margo cranialis of one rib to Margo caudalis of the previous rib.
Action:
- M. Intercostalis externus - inspiration.
- M. Intercostalis internus - expiration.
20
Q
M. Subcostalis
A
Origin & insertion:
Crossing medial surface of ribs 9-11. Cranioventral direction (///),
inside cavitas thoracis.
Action: expiratory muscle.
21
Q
Diaphragm 5 layers - from cranial to caudal are
A
- Pelura
- Facia endothoracica
- M. Phernicus
- Facia transversa abdominis
- Peritoneum
22
Q
M. Latissimus dorsi
A
Origin: superficial layer of fascia thoracolumbalis (from processus spinosus of the last thoracic and lumbar vertebrae). Also muscular attachment proxiamlly to the last few ribs.
Insertion: on teres major tuberosity (together with m. teres major)
Action: 1. draws free limb caudally.
2. Together with m. teres major flexes shoulder.
23
Q
M. trapezius
A
Origin: between C3-Th9 region.
- pars cervicalis: from raphe of neck
- pars thoracica: from supraspinous ligament.
Insertion: cervical part inserts on proximal ¾ of scapular spine (distally there is the omotransversarius muscle); thoracic part inserts on proximal third of scapular spine.
Action: supports trunk, elevates (lifts) forelimb, draws it cranially.
24
Q
M. rhomboideus
A
Origin:
- pars capitis: nuchal crest of occipital bone.
- pars cervicis: from raphe of neck to spinous processes of Th 1-3 vertebrae.
- pars thoracis: from processus spinosus of Th 4-7 vertebrae.
Insertion: dorsomedial border of scapula.
Action: elevates limb and pulls base of scapula against trunk forwards or backwards (depending on which part will contract more)
25
M. pectoralis profundus
| Also called: m. pectoralis ascendens
Origin: all sternebrae of sternum and costal cartilages of true ribs.
Insertion: main part inserts on minor tubercle of humerus (and just a small aponeurosis joins to major tubercle).
Action: supports trunk, behaving as a strong retractor (draws limb caudally) and adductor of forelimb.
26
m. pectoralis descendens
Origin: manubrium sterni.
Insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus (crista tuberculi majoris), upper part of crista humeri.
Action: ventral connection to forelimb, adduction, draws limb cranially or caudally depending its position.
27
m. pectoralis transversus
Origin: from 1-3rd sternebrae.
Insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus (crista tuberculi majoris), upper part of crista humeri.
Action: ventral connection to forelimb, adduction, draws limb cranially or caudally depending its position.
28
M. serratus ventralis
Origin:
- cervical part: from proc. trans. of C2-7.
- thoracic part: from middle of ribs 1-8.
Insertion: facies serrata on scapula (medially).
Action: supports trunk, helps at inspiration, carries shoulder cranial or caudal with respect to position of forelimb.
29
M. supraspinatus
Origin: fossa supraspinata, spine and cranial border of scapula.
Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus (tuberculum majus).
Action: extends and stabilizes shoulder joint.
30
M. infraspinatus
Origin: fossa infraspinata, spina scapulae, margo caudalis scapulae.
Insertion: facies m. infraspinati of humerus.
Action: 1. acts as a medial collateral ligament for shoulder joint.
2. flexor of shoulder joint.
31
M. deltoideus
Origin:
- scapular part: caudal edge of spina scapulae, - acromial part: from acromion.
Insertion: tuberositas deltoidea of humerus.
Action: flexor of shoulder joint.
32
M. teres minor
Origin: distally on margo caudalis scapulae, tuberculum infraglenoidale.
Insertion: teres minor tuberosity of humerus (laterally).
Action: flexor of shoulder joint.
33
M. anconeus
Origin: lateral epicondylar (supracondylar) crest, and around fossa olecrani.
Insertion: latero-proximally on olecranon (tuber olecrani, proc. anconeus).
Action: extends elbow joint.
34
M. subscapularis
Origin: fossa subscapularis.
Insertion: tuberculum minus of humerus.
Action: 1. its wide tendon acts as a medial collateral ligament for shoulder joint.
2. extends shoulder joint,
3. also helps maintaining flexion.
35
M. teres major
Origin: proximally on margo caudalis scapulae and angulus caudalis scapulae.
Insertion: teres major tuberosity of humerus (together with m. latissimus dorsi).
Action: flexor of shoulder joint.
36
M. tensor fasciae antebrachii
Origin: detaching from m. latissimus dorsi.
Insertion: medially on tuber olecrani, then radiates into fascia antebrachii.
Action: tenses antebrachial fascia and extends elbow joint.
37
M. triceps brachii
(In dogs it has four heads: caput longum, laterale,
mediale and accessorium)
Origin:
- Caput longum: from distal 2/3 of margo caudalis scapulae, inserts on tuber olecrani. It acts as a flexor of shoulder joint and extensor of elbow joint.
- caput laterale: starts from linea m. tricipitis.
- caput mediale: from proximal medial surface of humerus (near teres major tuberosity).
- caput accessorium: caudally from neck of humerus.
Insertion: tuber olecrani.
Action: extend elbow joint.
38
M. coracobrachialis
Origin: coracoid process of supraglenoid tubercle.
Insertion: crest of minor tubercle on humerus (behind attachment of m. triceps brachii caput mediale).
Action: extensor of shoulder joint.
39
M. biceps brachii
Origin: tuberculum supraglenoidale of scapule; a transverse retinaculum fixes its tendon in the intertubercular groove (between tuberculum majus and minus).
Insertion: tuberositas radii and tuberositas ulnae (just below proc. coronoideus med.)
Action: extends shoulder joint and flexes elbow joint.
40
M. brachialis
Origin: caudally on neck of humerus; (then it will twist laterally, then cranio-medially in sulcus m. brachialis towards antebrachium).
Insertion: tuberositas radii and tuberositas ulnae (just below proc. coronoideus med.)
Action: flexes elbow joint.
41
M. supinator
| also called m. supinator brevis
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, lateral collateral ligament.
Insertion: cranial surface on proximal part of radius.
Action: supinates forearm and forefoot (rotates arm laterally).
42
M. brachioradialis
(also called m. supinator longus.
Just about 33% of the dogs have it)
Origin: lateral supracondylar crest, above m. ext. carpi radialis.
Insertion: distally and medially on radius.
Action: supinates forearm and forefoot (rotates arm laterally).
43
M. extensor carpi radialis
Origin: lateral epicondylar (supracondylar) crest of humerus.
Insertion: Mc. II-III. (dorsal surface of metacarpals’ bases).
Action: strongest extensor of carpal joint.
44
M. extensor carpi ulnaris
| also called m. ulnaris lateralis
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, behind collateral ligament.
Insertion: lateral aspect of Mc. V. base, and also attaches with a short and strong tendon to accessory carpal bone.
Action: 1. supports carpus when extended to bear weight.
2. helps in flexion, abduction and lateral rotation of carpal joint since its attachment to os carpi accessorium.
45
M. extensor digitorum communis
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus.
Insertion: proc. extensorius of distal phalanx of digits II-V.
Action: extends carpus and joints of digits II-V.
46
M. extensor digitorum lateralis
Origin: lateral humeral epicondyle, lig. collaterale laterale.
Insertion: goes to digits III-V., at the level of first digit it unites with tendons from common digital extensor and
interosseous muscles, inserts on distal phalanx (proc. ext.)
Action: extends carpus and joints of digits III-V.
47
M. extensor digiti I. et II. [pollicis et indicis]
Origin: middle third of ulna (laterally) (adjacent to m. abductor digiti I. longus).
Insertion:
- pollicis: head of Mc. I.
- indicis: unites with common digital extensor, thus together are inserting
on distal phalanx of digit II.
Action: extends digits I-II., indicis adducts dew claw (which is not in contact with the ground)
48
M. abductor digiti I. [pollicis] longus
Origin: adjacent lateral surface of radius and ulna, and from interosseous membrane..
Insertion: Mc. I. base (medially).
Action: extends and abducts digit I.
49
M. pronator teres
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus.
Insertion: craniomedial surface of radius’ upper part.
Action: pronates forearm (rotates arm medially).
50
M. pronator quadratus
Origin and insertion: connects apposed surfaces of radius and ulna, fills interosseous space (medially).
Action: pronates forearm (rotates arm medially).
51
M. flexor carpi radialis
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, behind collateral lig.
Insertion: Mc. II-III. (palmar surface of metacarpals’ bases).
Action: flexes carpus.
52
M. flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin:
- caput humerale: starts medial epicondyle of humerus.
- caput ulnare: from proximal end of ulna (humeral head is muscular, ulnar head is thinner and more tendinous).
Insertion: accessory carpal bone.
Action: flexes carpus.
53
M. flexor digitorum superficialis
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus.
Insertion: middle phalanx of digits II-V. (palmar surface).
Action: flexes carpus and affected joints of digits II-V.
54
M. flexor digitorum profundus
Origin:
- caput humerale: from medial epicondyle of humerus.
- caput radiale: proximo-medially from radius.
- caput ulnare: proximo-caudally from ulna.
Insertion: distal phalanx of digits I-V. (palmar surface, on the last phalanges’ flexor tubercle).
Action: flexes carpus and joints of digits I-V.
55
M. obliquus externus abdominis
Origin: superficial layer of fascia thoracolumbalis and lateral aspect of ribs 4-12.
Insertion: fibres run caudoventrally (\\\) to linea alba, caudally on pelvis it forms the inguinal ligament, and create medial and lateral crus around superficial inguinal ring.
Action: 1. maintaining abdominal pressure (urination, defecation, parturition).
2. protection of abdominal organs.
56
M. obliquus internus abdominis
Origin: superficial layer of thoracolumbar fascia, tuber coxae, and from ligamentum inguinale.
Insertion: fibres run cranioventrally (///) to linea alba. At the preumbilical site it has an outer and an inner layer which envelops m. rectus abdominis.
Action: 1. maintaining abdominal pressure (urination, defecation, parturition)
2. protection.
57
M. transversus abdominis
Origin: by means of deep layer of thoracolumbar fascia from transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, and from medial surface of false ribs; lumbar nerves crossing on its outer surface.
Insertion: fibres run transversely (|||) to linea alba.
Action: 1. maintaining abdominal pressure (urination, defecation, parturition).
2. protection.
58
M. rectus abdominis
Origin: cranially from sternum.
Rectus sheet is formed around this muscle, and four regions could be distinguished where above mentioned muscles contribute
(external oblique=E, internal oblique=I, transverse=T, rectus=R, fascia transversa abdominis and peritoneum=P).
An outer to inner (or lateromedial) order listed below in the different regions:
o thoracic: E --- R --- thoracic wall
o preumbilical: E --- I --- R --- I --- T --- P
o umbilical: E --- I --- R --- T --- P
o postumbilical: E --- I --- T --- R --- P
Insertion: pecten ossis pubis (on prepubic tendon, together with m. pectineus).
Action: 1. maintaining abdominal pressure (urination, defecation, parturition). 2. protection.
59
M. psoas minor
Origin: bodies of last few thoracic and 1-5th lumbar vertebrae; mainly tendinous.
Insertion: arcuate line of iliac bone, near to iliopubic eminence.
Action:
- If vertebral column is fixed: draws pelvis into a deeper position.
- When pelvis is fixed: arches lumbar region and flexes vertebral column.
60
M. quadratus lumborum
Origin: 11-13th thoracic vertebra ventrally, last two ribs, lumbar vertebra’s transverse processes.
Insertion: medial surface of iliac wing (between articular surface and cranial ventral iliac spine of tuber coxae).
Action: fixation and dorsal flexion of vertebral column.
61
m. psoas major
| one of the m. ilipsoas muscles
Origin: starts ventrally from bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae.
Insertion: together on trochanter minor of femur (medially).
Action: draws pelvic limb forward by flexing the hip; when femur is fixed: flexion and fixation of vertebral column.
62
m. iliacus
| one of the m. ilipsoas muscles
Origin: two m. iliacus arising between arcuate line and lateral border of iliac bone.
Insertion: together on trochanter minor of femur (medially).
Action: - draws pelvic limb forward by flexing the hip.
- when femur is fixed: flexion and fixation of vertebral column.
63
M. gluteus superficialis
Origin: sacrum and first caudal vertebrae, partly from sacrotuberous ligament; (and by means of deep gluteal fascia also from cranial dorsal iliac spine).
Insertion: on tuberositas glutea (below greater trochanter).
Action: extension of hip.
64
M. gluteus medius
Origin: crista iliaca and gluteal surface of iliac bone.
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur.
Action: strongest extensor of hip joint.
65
M. piriformis
Origin: last sacral and first caudal vertebrae.
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur.
Action: extension of hip joint.
66
M. gluteus profundus
Origin: gluteal surface and body of iliac bone.
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur.
Action: extension of hip joint.
67
M. obturatorius externus
Origin: outer surface of pelvis, around foramen obturatum.
Insertion: trochanteric fossa of femur.
Action: lateral rotation (supination) of hindlimb.
68
M. gemelli
Origin: lateral side on corpus ossis ischii (ventral to lesser sciatic notch – incisura ischiadica minor).
Insertion: trochanteric fossa of femur.
Action: lateral rotation (supination) of hindlimb.
69
M. obturatorius internus
Origin: inner surface of pelvis around for. obturatum (from regions of ramus cranialis et caudalis ossis pubis, ramus ossis ischii and tabula ossis ischii).
Insertion: after crossing lesser sciatic notch it will attach
in trochanteric fossa of femur; its tendon runs over
the muscle belly of m. gemelli.
Action: lateral rotation (supination) of hindlimb.
70
M. quadratus femoris
Origin: ventral surface of tabula ossis ischii (medial to tuber ischiadicum).
Insertion: trochanteric fossa of femur.
Action: extension of hip joint and lateral rotation of hindlimb.
71
M. biceps femoris
Origin: its cranial part on sacrotuberous ligament, caudal part on tuber ischiadicum.
Insertion: by means of fascia lata and crural fascia to patella, patellar ligament, and tibial tuberosity and tibial crest, tuber calcanei by an accessory tendon.
Action: extends hip, and hock; its cranial part extends, caudal part flexes stifle.
72
M. tensor fasciae latae
Origin: tuber coxae (cranial ventral iliac spine and spina alaris).
Insertion: radiates into fascia lata and fascia cruris. Its superficial fascial layer covers thigh, deep fascial layer surrounds m. quadriceps femoris and attaches to femur.
Action: tenses fascia lata, flexes hip and extends stifle.
73
M. abductor cruris caudalis
Origin: distal part of sacrotuberous ligament.
Insertion: disappears in crural fascia on lateral side (it runs first medial, then lateral to m. biceps femoris).
Action: abducts hindlimb, flexes stifle.
74
M. semitendinosus
Origin: tuber ischiadicum.
Insertion: tibial crest (medially), and tuber calcanei by means of an accessory tendon.
Action: extends hip, flexes stifle and extends hock.
75
M. semimembranosus
Origin: ventral aspect of tuber ischiadicum.
Insertion: cranial belly distally on medial lip and medial condyle of femur, caudal muscle belly on medial condyle of tibia (behind medial collateral ligament).
Action: extends hip and flexes stifle joint.
76
M. sartorius
| In dogs it has a cranial and caudal part
Origin: iliac crest, cranial ventral iliac spine, thoracolumbar fascia.
Insertion: radiating into fascia lata and crural fascia.
- cranial part: inserts above stifle joint.
- caudal part: inserts below stifle joint (the latter medially reaches tibial crest).
Action: flexes hip, extends or flexes stifle (depending on which part contracts more).
77
M. quadriceps femoris
| has four muscle bellies
Origin:
- m. rectus femoris: from body of ilium (area m. recti femoris medialis et lat.),
The three vastus proximally on femur:
- vastus lateralis: from its craniolateral,
- vastus medialis: from its craniomedial and
- vastus intermedius: from its cranial surface.
Insertion: patella, and by means of patellar ligament on tibial tuberosity.
Action: 1. strongest extensor of stifle joint.
2. m. rectus femoris also flexes hip.
78
M. pectineus
Origin: pecten ossis pubis, prepubic tendon.
Insertion: medial lip of rough surface on femoral shaft (labium mediale ossis femoris, next to facies aspera).
Action: adduction of thigh.
79
M. adductor
Origin:
- m. adductor longus: from ramus cranialis ossis pubis.
- m. adductor magnus et brevis: from symphysis pelvis (tendo symphysialis), ramus caudalis ossis pubis and ramus ossis ischi.
Insertion: facies aspera and labium laterale of femur.
Action: adducts hindlimb and extends hip.
80
M. gracilis
Origin: symphysis pelvis (by means of tendo symphysialis).
Insertion: medially on tibial crest, fascia cruris, tuber calcanei by an accessory tendon to common calcaneal tendon.
Action:
1. adducts hindlimb.
2. extends hip.
3. flexes stifle.
4. extends tarsus.
81
M. tibialis cranialis
Origin: cranial margin of lateral condyle and crest of tibia.
Insertion: medial side on os tarsi I. and Mt I-II.
Action: flexes tarsus.
82
M. peroneus longus
| also called: m. fibularis longus
Origin: cranial margin of tibia’s lateral condyle, head of fibula, lateral collateral ligament.
Insertion: first attaches to os tarsi 4+5 (on its plantar surface), then extends to all metatarsal bones’ plantar base.
Action: flexes tarsus.
83
M. peroneus brevis
| also called: m. fibularis brevis
Origin: laterally on distal third of fibula (and partly on tibia).
Insertion: base of Mt. V.
Action: flexes tarsus.
84
M. extensor digitorum longus (hindlimb)
Origin: fossa extensoria on lateral femoral condyle.
Insertion: extensor processes of distal phalanx of digits II-V.
Action: extends joints of digits and flexes tarsus.
85
M. extensor digitorum lateralis (hindlimb)
Origin: proximal third of fibula.
Insertion: unites with long digital extensor’s tendon to reach digit V. distal phalanx.
Action: extension and abduction of digit V.
86
M. extensor digiti I. [hallucis] longus
Origin: from middle third of fibula.
Insertion: radiates into fascia over metacarpophalangeal joint of digit II.
Action: extends digit II. (and digit I. if present)
87
M. gastrocnemius
Origin: medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities of femur
(inside their heads – caput mediale and laterale – there are sesamoid /Vesalius/ bones, former: fabellae).
Insertion: on tuber calcanei
(as a part of common calcaneal tendon)
Action: flexes stifle, extends tarsus.
88
M. flexor digitorum superficialis (hindlimb)
Origin: fossa supracondylaris of femur, partly fused with m. gastrocnemius caput lateralis.
Insertion: its plantar tendon (tendo plantaris) turns from medial to lateral direction around common calcaneal tendon, on the surface of tuber calcanei it makes a cap (galea calcanea), then finally attaches to middle phalanx of digits II-V. on plantar surface.
Action: flexes stifle, extends hock, flexes joints of digits II-V.
89
M. tibialis caudalis
Origin: caudally on head of fibula.
Insertion: medially at tarsus it radiates into tarsal fascia.
Action: extends tarsus.
90
M. popliteus
Origin: fossa m. poplitei on lateral femoral condyle.
Insertion: it twists caudally under lig. collaterale laterale, then inserts caudally on proximal part of tibia, on linea m. poplitei.
Action: flexes stifle, rotates leg medially.
91
M. flexor digitorum profundus (hindlimb)
Origin: m. flexor digitorum lateralis (former: m. flexor hallucis longus) from proximal caudal half of fibula, proximal caudolateral border of tibia and from interosseous membrane; m. flexor digitorum medialis (former: m. flexor digitorum longus) starts caudo-proximally from tibia. Below tarsus the two parts unite.
Insertion: plantar surface of distal phalanx of digits II-V. (on tuberculum flexorium).
Action: extends tarsus, flexes joint if digits II-V.
92
m. peroneus tertius-
eq only
(purely tendinous)
Origin: together with m. extensor digitorum longus from fossa
extensoria.
Insertion: on distal tarsal bones, proximal end of Mt, splitting into two
branches.
Action:
1. flex the tarsus, extends stifle.
2. important part of passive stay
apparatus
93
in eq, which 2 muscles does m. triceps surae contain ?
m. gastrocnemius & m. soleus
94
m. subclavius
| eq, Ru, su only
Origin: 1-4. costal cartilage, sternum.
Insertion: bends with m. supraspinatus and shoulder fascia.
Action: suspension of the trunk.
