origins and nature of apartheid and its development to 1954

Question 1

How many black africans fought for England in the second world war?

Answer 1

114,000

Question 2

What jobs were black South Africans given during war any why?

Answer 2

Given jobs as labourers and orderlies as weren’t allowed to carry weapons

Question 3

How did WW2 affect industry in SA?

Answer 3

Greatly helped and more blacks employed as whites at war

Question 4

By 1945 how many black males were employed in SA industry?

Answer 4

Over 300,000

Question 5

By 1946 what had happened to urban areas?

Answer 5

More blacks and whites

Question 6

in 1946 what was the average wage in urban areas compared to rural?

Answer 6

£128 (£32 in farming)

Question 7

How did Britain influence SA around 1946?

Answer 7

Many laws (e.g pass laws) became more relaxed

Question 8

How had black wages changed?

Answer 8

Risen from 1/5 to 1/4 of white wages

Question 9

What did blacks do in response to changes?

Answer 9

Organised boycotts and strikes (e.g resistance of The Ghetto Act in 1945)

Question 10

How did Ghandi influence black resistance?

Answer 10

His work in natal in 1893 with the Indian community also inspired blacks to do the same

Question 11

What happened in August 1946?

Answer 11

Over 73,000 workers from 21 different mines took part in strikes

Question 12

When was the Colour Bar Act introduced?

Answer 12

1926?

Question 13

What 4 things did the 1926 Colour Bar ensure?

Answer 13

Reserved certain jobs in mining and railways

Allowed whites to gain positions of privilege

Coloureds were bracketed with whites in position of privilege

Blacks were only allowed to be workers

Question 14

When was the Native Land Act?

Answer 14

1913

Question 15

What 5 things did the 1913 Native Land Act ensure?

Answer 15

Only 7% of arable land to Africans and left more fertile land for whites

Created reserves for blacks and prohibited sale of territory in white areas to blacks and vice versa

Over 80% of land went to whites

Whites made up less than 20% of the population

Black people could live outside reserves if could prove employment

Question 16

When was the Immortality Act?

Answer 16

1927

Question 17

What 4 things did the 1927 Immortality act ensure?

Answer 17

Prohibited extra-marital sex between white and blacks

Penalty of up to 5 years for a man and 4 for a woman

Question 18

When was the South Africa Act?

Answer 18

1909

Question 19

What 4 things did the 1909 South Africa Act result in?

Answer 19

SA would be mainly driven by Boers

Government set up similar to US

Women not allowed to vote

Debate about voting rights for blacks and coloureds. Most didn’t and places like Natal that did faced widespread intimidation

Question 20

What 3 things were segregated before 1948?

Answer 20

Housing - much better for poor whites as they had the vote

Passes - restricted the blacks entering towns, made satay temporary. had to carry them at all times

Jobs - very separate e.g in the mines

Question 21

What did the 1924 Industrial Conciliation Act do?

Answer 21

Allowed white to join trade unions but not blacks

Question 22

When was the Population Registration Act?

Answer 22

1950

Question 23

What 4 things did the 1950 Population Registration Act do?

Answer 23

Aimed to help gov know who belonged to each racial group before apartheid could be implemented

Racial register starts after 1951

Registration also divided nations and coloureds into smaller groups

What group you were in depended on how you were usually treated

Question 24

13 years after the 1950 Population Registration Act how many people still weren’t classified?

Answer 24

20,000

Question 25

When was the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act?

Answer 25

1949

Question 26

what did the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act do?

Answer 26

Banned marriages between whites and non-whites?

Question 27

When was the Immortality Amendment Act?

Answer 27

1950

Question 28

What 3 things did the Immortality Amendment Act do?

Answer 28

banned sex between whites and non -whites Max penalty was 6 months labour but was increased to 7 years in 1957 police entered peoples houses without warning

Question 29

between 1950-1960 how many were found guilty of disobeying the Immortality Amendment Act?

Answer 29

3890

Question 30

What 4 things did apartheid legislation result in?

Answer 30

Every aspect of life was determined under law by race Laws aimed to separate the races but treat whites more favourably facilities weren't equal Opposition wasn't tolerated

Question 31

When was the Group Areas Act?

Answer 31

1950

Question 32

What did the 1950 Group Areas Act means for SA?

Answer 32

both urban and rural areas were divided into zones in which members of only one race lived Blacks were the ones to be removed by force

Question 33

When was the Bantu Resettlement Act?

Answer 33

1954

Question 34

What did the 1954 Bantu Resettlement Act entail?

Answer 34

saw government beginning to remove Africans from western Johannesburg suburbs of Sophiatown, Newclare and Martindale

Question 35

What happened on the 10th February 1955?

Answer 35

government began to remove residents physically - 60,000 were removed by army trucks and police from Sophiatown

Question 36

how long did the Bantu Resettlement last?

Answer 36

3 decades and approx 3.5 million were removed from white areas

Question 37

What did the government establish?

Answer 37

10 homelands - referred to as Bantustans

Question 38

When was the Bantu Education Act?

Answer 38

1953

Question 39

What did the Bantu Education Act do?

Answer 39

All schools were brought under state control - had originally been missionary schools which were very good Less money spent on black people - In 1953 63.63 rands spent on white children and just 8.99 on black children

Question 40

State 9 impacts that the 1953 Bantu Education Act had

Answer 40

``` Restricted opposition to apartheid Consolidates apartheid Teaches and brainwashes white children that they are superior Restricts information Limits rest of their life Decreases healthcare Limits income Limited access to communities Teaches black children to not have ambition ```