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Gross Anatomy I > Origins, Insertions, Actions, and Innervations of the Upper Extremities > Flashcards

Origins, Insertions, Actions, and Innervations of the Upper Extremities Flashcards

(209 cards)

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1
Q

Origin of the Pectoralis Major

A

Clavicle, Sternum and Upper Ribs, and the tendon of the external oblique

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2
Q

Insertion of the Pectoralis Major

A

Greater Tubercle (Intertubecular groove) of the humerus

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3
Q

Action of the Pectoralis Major

A

Entire muscle: adduction and medial rotation of the humerus, forced inspiration when the humerus is fixed

Clavicular Portion: flexes the humerus at the shoulder joint

Sternocostal portion: extends the humerus at the shoulder joint (when the humerus is flexed)

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4
Q

Nerve supply of the Pectoralis Major

A

Medial and Lateral pectoral nerves

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5
Q

Origin of the Pectoralis Minor

A

Upper ribs

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6
Q

Insertion of the Pectoralis Minor

A

Coracoid process of the scapula

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7
Q

Action of the Pectoralis Minor

A

Protraction and abduction of the scapula. Also elevates the ribcage (forced inspiration)

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8
Q

Nerve supply of the Pectoralis Minor

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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9
Q

Origin of the subclavius

A

First rib

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10
Q

Insertion of the Subclavius

A

Subclavian groove of the clavicle

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11
Q

Action of the Subclavius

A

Moves the clavicle medially and acts as a protective cushion between the clavicle and subclavian vessels

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12
Q

Nerve supply of the Subclavius

A

Nerve to the subclavius

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13
Q

What muscles compose the pectoral region?

A

Pectoralis Major, pectoralis minor, and the subclavius

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14
Q

Origin of the trapezius

A

Superior nuchel line of occiput, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, and the spines of the thoracic vertebrae

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15
Q

Insertion of the trapezius

A

The clavicle as well as the acromion process and spine of the scapula

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16
Q

Actions of the trapezius

A

Stabilizes the scapula,
Upper portion: elevates the scapula
Middle and lower portions: adducts the scapula

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17
Q

Nerve supply of the trapezius

A

Motor: spinal accessory nerve
Sensory: C4, C5

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18
Q

Origin of the rhomboid major

A

Spine of the upper thoracics

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19
Q

Insertion of the rhomboid major

A

Vertebral border of the scapula

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20
Q

Actions of the rhomboid major

A

Elevates and adducts the scapula. Also helps to stabilize the scapula

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21
Q

Nerve supply of the rhomboid major

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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22
Q

Origin of the rhomboid minor

A

Spine of the lower cervical and T1

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23
Q

Insertion of the rhomboid minor

A

Vertebral border of the scapula

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24
Q

Action of the rhomboid minor

A

Elevates and adducts the scapula. Also helps to stabilize the scapula

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25
Nerve supply of the rhomboid minor
Dorsal Scapular nerve
26
Origin of the levator scapula
Transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae
27
Insertion of the levator scapula
Superior angle of the scapula
28
Action of the levator scapula
Elevates and adducts the scapula. Also stabilizes the scapula
29
Nerve supply of the levator scapula
Dorsal scapular nerve
30
Origin of the Latissimus dorsi
Spines of the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae Thoracodorsal fascia Crest of the ilium
31
Insertion of the latissimus dorsi
Intertubecular groove (lesser tubercle) of the humerus
32
Action of the latissimus dorsi
Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus. Also involved with forced expiration
33
Nerve supply of the latissimus dorsi
Thoracodorsal nerve
34
Origin of the serratus anterior
Upper ribs
35
Insertion of the serratus anterior
Vertebral border of the scapula
36
Action of the serratus anterior
Abduction and protraction of the scapula, stabilizes the scapula, and is involved with forced inspiration if the humerus is abducted
37
Nerve supply of the serratus anterior
Long thoracic nerve
38
What muscles compose the shoulder muscles?
Trapezius, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapula, latissimus dorsi, and serratus anterior
39
Origin of the deltoid
Anterior head: clavicular portion from the clavicle Middle head: acromial portion from the acromion process of the scapula Posterior head: spinous portion
40
Insertion of the deltoid
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
41
Action of the deltoid
Anterior portion: flexes and medially rotates the arm Middle portion: abducts the arm Posterior portion: extends and laterally rotates the arm
42
Nerve supply of the deltoid
Axillary nerve
43
Origin of the supraspinatus
Supraspinous fossa of the scapula
44
Insertion of the supraspinatus
Greater tuberosity of the humerus
45
Action of the supraspinatus
Initiates abduction of the arm, helps to laterally rotate the humerus, and helps stabilize the shoulder joint
46
Innervation of the supraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve
47
Origin of the Infraspinatus
Infraspinous fossa of the scapula
48
Insertion of the infraspinatus
Greater tuberosity of the humerus
49
Action of the infraspinatus
Laterally rotates the humerus and stabilizes the shoulder joint
50
Nerve supply of the infraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve
51
Origin of the subscapularis
Subscapular fossa of the scapula
52
Insertion of the subscapularis
Lesser tuberosity of the humerus
53
Action of the subscapularis
Medially rotates the humerus and stabilizes the shoulder joint
54
Nerve supply of the subscapularis
Upper and lower subscapular nerve
55
Origin of the teres major
Inferior angle of the scapula
56
Insertion of the teres major
Intertubecular groove (lesser tuberosity) of the humerus
57
Action of the teres major
Adducts the humerus, stabilizes the shoulder joint, and medially rotates the humerus
58
Nerve supply of the teres major
Lower subscapular nerve
59
Origin of the teres minor
Axillary border of the scapula
60
Insertion of the teres minor
Greater tuberosity of the humerus
61
Action of the teres minor
Laterally rotates the humerus and stabilizes the shoulder joint
62
Nerve supply of the teres minor
Axillary nerve
63
What muscles compose the scapular muscles
Deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, supscapularis, teres major, and teres minor
64
Origin of the short head of the biceps brachii
Coracoid process of the scapula
65
Origin of the long head of the biceps brachii
Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
66
Insertion of the biceps brachii
Tuberosity of the radius and shaft of the ulna
67
Action of the biceps brachii
Flexion of the forearm and supinates the radius (prime mover)
68
Nerve supply of the biceps brachii
Musculocutaneous nerve
69
Origin of the coracobrachialis
Coracoid process of the scapula
70
Insertion of the coracobrachialis
Shaft of the humerus
71
Action of the coracobrachialis
Flexion and weak adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint. Also stabilizes the shoulder joint
72
Nerve supply of the coracobrachialis
Musculocutaneous nerve
73
Origin of the brachialis
Shaft of the humerus
74
Insertion of the brachialis
Coronoid process of the ulna
75
Action of the brachialis
Flexes the forearm (equal prime mover)
76
Nerve supply of the brachialis
Musculocutaneous nerve
77
Origin of the long head of the triceps brachii
Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
78
Origin of the lateral head of the triceps brachii
Shaft of the humerus
79
Origin of the medial head of the triceps brachii
Shaft of the humerus
80
Insertion of the triceps brachii
Olecranon process of the ulna
81
Action of the triceps brachii
Extension of the forearm
82
Nerve supply of the triceps brachii
Radial nerve
83
What muscles compose the arm?
Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis, and the triceps brachii
84
Origin of the pronator teres
Medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna
85
Insertion of the pronator teres
Pronator ridge of the radius
86
Action of the pronator teres
Pronates the forearm at the superior radioulnar joint and assists in flexion at the elbow joint
87
Nerve supply of the pronator teres
Median nerve
88
Origin of the flexor carpi radialis
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
89
Insertion of the flexor carpi radialis
2nd metacarpal with a small slip to the 3rd metacarpal
90
Action of the flexor carpi radialis
It is an equal prime mover for flexion of the hand at the wrist joint. It also assists in abduction of the hand
91
Nerve supply of the flexor carpi radialis
Median nerve
92
Origin of the palmaris longus
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
93
Insertion of the palmaris longus
Palmar aponeurosis
94
Action of the palmaris longus
Helps flex the hand and tightens fascia of the palm. Also helps with abduction of the hand
95
Nerve supply of the palmaris longus
Median nerve
96
Origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Medial epicondyle of the humerus and the olecranon process of the ulna
97
Insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Pisisform, hamate, and the 5th metacarpal
98
Action of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Equal prime mover for flexion of the hand at the wrist joint. It also adducts the hand
99
Nerve supply of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulnar nerve
100
Origin of the flexor digitorum superficialis
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
101
Insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis
Middle phalanges of digits 2-5
102
Action of the flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexes the PIP joints of digits 2-5. It also helps flex the hand
103
Nerve supply of the flexor digitorum superficialis
Median nerve
104
What muscles compose the anterior superficial forearm?
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, and the flexor digitorum superficialis
105
Origin of the flexor digitorum profundus
Shaft of the ulna
106
Insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus
Distal phalanges of digits 2-5
107
Action of the flexor digitorum profundus
Flexes the DIP joints of digits 2-5. Also helps flex the hand
108
Nerve supply of the flexor digitorum profundus
Ulnar and median nerves
109
Origin of the flexor pollicis longus
Shaft of the radius
110
Insertion of the flexor pollicis longus
Distal phalanx of digit 1
111
Action of the flexor pollicis longus
Flexes the thumb (digit 1) at the IP joint
112
Nerve supply of the flexor pollicis longus
Median nerve
113
Origin of the pronator quadratus
Shaft of the ulna
114
Insertion of the pronator quadratus
Shaft of the radius
115
Action of the pronator quadratus
Pronation of the forearm at the inferior radial-ulnar joint. Also helps stabilize the inferior-radial-ulnar joint
116
Nerve supply of the pronator quadratus
Median nerve
117
What muscles compose the deep anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus
118
Origin of the brachioradialis
Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
119
Insertion of the brachioradialis
Styloid process of the radius
120
Actions of the brachioradialils
Helps flex the forearm. Also pronates and supinates the forearm
121
Nerve supply of the brachioradialis
Radial nerve
122
Origin of the extensor carpi radialis longus
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
123
Insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus
2nd metacarpal
124
Action of the extensor carpi radialis longus
Extends the hand and abducts the hand
125
Nerve supply of the extensor carpi radialis longus
Radial nerve
126
Origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
127
Insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
3rd metacarpal
128
Action of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extends the hand and abducts the the hand
129
Nerve supply of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
Radial nerve
130
Origin of the extensor digitorum maximus
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
131
Insertion of the extensor digitorum maximus
Middle phalanx of digits 2-5
132
Action of the extensor digitorum maximus
Extends digits 2-5, extends the hand, and abducts digits 2, 4, and 5
133
Nerve supply of extensor digitorum maximus
Radial nerve
134
Origin of extensor digiti minimi
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
135
Insertion of extensor digiti minimi
Proximal phalanx of digit 5
136
Action of extensor digiti minimi
Extend digit 5
137
Nerve supply of extensor digiti minimi
Radial nerve
138
Origin of extensor carpi ulnaris
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
139
Insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris
5th metacarpal
140
Action of extensor carpi ulnaris
Extends the hand and helps to adduct the hand
141
Nerve supply of extensor carpi ulnaris
Radial nerve
142
What muscles compose the posterior superficial forearm?
Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum maximus, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris
143
Origin of supinator
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the supinator crest of the ulna
144
Insertion of the supinator
Shaft of the radius
145
Action of the supinator
Supinates the forearm
146
Nerve supply of the supinator
Radial nerve
147
Origin of the abductor pollicis longus
Shaft of the ulna and radius
148
Insertion of the abductor pollicis longus
1st metacarpal
149
Action of the abductor pollicis longus
Abducts digit 1 at the CM joint
150
Nerve supply of abductor pollicis longus
Radial nerve
151
Origin of extensor pollicis brevis
Shaft of the radius
152
Insertion of extensor polllicis brevis
Proximal phalanx of digit 1
153
Action of extensor pollicis brevis
Extends digit 1 at the MP joint
154
Nerve supply of extensor pollicis brevis
Radial nerve
155
Origin of extensor pollicis longus
Shaft of the ulna
156
Insertion of extensor pollicis longus
Distal phalanx of digit 1
157
Action of extensor pollicis longus
Extends digit 1 at the IP joint
158
Nerve supply of extensor pollicis longus
Radial nerve
159
Origin of extensor indicis
Shaft of the ulna
160
Insertion of extensor indicis
Proximal phalanx of digit 2
161
Action of extensor indicis
Extends digit 2 at the MP joint
162
Nerve supply of extensor indicis
Radial nerve
163
Origin of anconeus
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
164
Insertion of anconeus
Olecranon process of the ulna
165
Action of the anconeus
Extends the forearm
166
Nerve supply of the anconeus
Radial nerve
167
What muscles compose the deep posterior forearm?
Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis, and anconeus
168
Origin of abductor pollicis brevis
Trapezium and scaphoid
169
Insertion of abductor pollicis brevis
Proximal phalanx of digit 1
170
Action of abductor pollicis brevis
Abducts digit 1 at the MP joint
171
Nerve supply of abductor pollicis brevis
Median nerve
172
Origin of opponens pollicis
Trapezium
173
Insertion of opponens pollicis
1st metacarpal
174
Action of opponens pollicis
Medially rotates the 1st metacarpal
175
Nerve supply of opponens pollicis
Median nerve
176
Origin of flexor pollicis brevis
Trapezium, trapezoid, and capitate bones
177
Insertion of flexor pollicis brevis
Proximal phalanx of digit 1
178
Action of flexor pollicis brevis
Flexes digit 1 at the MP joint
179
Nerve supply of flexor pollicis brevis
Ulnar and median nerves
180
Origin of adductor pollicis
Trapezoid, capitate, 2nd and 3rd metacarpals (oblique head), and the 3rd metacarpal (transverse head)
181
Insertion of adductor pollicis
Proximal phalanx of digit 1
182
Action of adductor pollicis
Adducts digit 1
183
Nerve supply of adductor pollicis
Ulnar nerve
184
What muscles compose the thenar eminence muscles?
Abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, and adductor pollicis
185
Origin of abductor digiti quinti/minimi
Pisiform
186
Insertion of abductor digiti quinti/minimi
Proximal phalanx of digit 5
187
Action of abductor digiti quinti/minimi
Abducts digit 5
188
Nerve supply of abductor digiti quinti/minimi
Ulnar nerve
189
Origin of flexor digiti quinti/minimi
Hamate
190
Insertion of flexor digiti quinti/minimi
Proximal phalanx of digit 5
191
Action of flexor digiti quinti/minimi
Flexes digit 5 at the MP joint
192
Nerve supply of flexor digiti quinti/minimi
Ulnar nerve
193
Origin of opponens digiti quinti/minimi
Hamate
194
Insertion of opponens digiti quinti/minimi
5th metacarpal
195
Action of opponens digiti quinti/minimi
Laterally rotates the 5th metacarpal
196
Nerve supply of opponens digiti quinti/minimi
Ulnar nerve
197
Origin of the lumbricales
Tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle
198
Insertion of the lumbricales
Tendons of the extensor digitorum muscles
199
Action of the lumbricales
Flexes the MP joints and extends the IP joint
200
Nerve supply of the lumbricales
1st and 2nd: Median nerve | 3rd and 4th: Ulnar nerve
201
What muscles compose the hypothenar muscles?
Abductor digiti quinti/minimi, flexor digiti quinti/minimi, opponens digiti quinti/minimi, and the lumbricales
202
Origin of the dorsal interossei
2nd, 3rd, and 4th metacarpals
203
Insertion of the dorsal interossei
Proximal phalanx of digits 2, 3, and 4
204
Action of the dorsal interossei
Abducts digits 2-4, flexes the MP joints, and extends the IP joints
205
Nerve supply of the dorsal interossei
Ulnar nerve
206
Origin of the palmar interossei
2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals
207
Insertion of the palmar interossei
Proximal phalanx of digits 2, 4, and 5
208
Actions of the palmar interossei
Adducts digits 2, 4, and 5, flexes the MP jointsand extends the IP joints
209
Nerve supply of the palmar interossei
Ulnar nerve

Gross Anatomy I (5 decks)

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