Origins + Insertions + Function = Lower Limb

Question 1

Function of the iliotibial tract?

Answer 1

Extensor, abductor and external rotator of hip

Question 2

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Tensor fascia lata?

Answer 2

Origin: iliac crest
Insertion: anterior aspect of iliotibial tract
Function: flexor, abductor and internal rotator of hip

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 3

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Gluteus maximus?

Answer 3

Origin: gluteal surface of the ilium, sacrum and coccyx
Insertion: iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur
Function: main extensor of thigh and assists with lateral rotation

Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 4

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Gluteus medius?

Answer 4

Origin: gluteal surface of ilium
Insertion: lateral surface of greater trochanter
Function: abducts and internally rotates the lower limb

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 5

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Gluteus minimus?

Answer 5

Origin: ilium
Insertion: anterior side of greater trochanter
Function: abducts and internally rotates lower limb

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 6

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Piriformis?

Answer 6

Origin: anterior surface of sacrum
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Function: external rotation and abduction

Nerve to piriformis

Question 7

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the obturator internus?

Answer 7

Origin: pubis and ischium at obturator foramen
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Function: external rotation and abduction

Question 8

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Gemelli?

Answer 8

Origin: ischial spine and ischial tuberosity
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Function: external rotation and abduction

Question 9

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Quadratus femoris?

Answer 9

Origin: lateral side of ischial tuberosity
Insertion: quadrate tuberosity on intertrochanteric crest
Function: external rotation

Question 10

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the iliopsoas?

Answer 10

Origin: psoas major= lumbar vertebrae
iliacus= iliac fossa
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
Function: flexes the thigh at hip joint

Psoas major- Anterior rami of L1-L3
Iliacus- femoral nerve

Question 11

What is the origin, function and innervation of the Vastus lateral is ?

Answer 11

Origin: greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea Aspera
Insertion:base of patella
Function: extends knee joint

Femoral nerve

Question 12

What is the insertion, function and innervation of the vastus Intermedius?

Answer 12

Insertion: anterior and lateral surface of femoral shaft
Function: extends knee joint

Femoral nerve

Question 13

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Vastus medialis?

Answer 13

Origin: intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera
Insertion: base and medial aspect of patella
Function: extends knee joint

Femoral nerve

Question 14

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Rectus femoris?

Answer 14

Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: patella
Function: flexes thigh at hip joint and extends the knee joint

Femoral nerve

Question 15

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Sartorius?

Answer 15

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: superior medial surface of tibia
Function: flexor, abductor and external rotator at hip joint, flexes knee joint

Question 16

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Pectineus?

Answer 16

Origin: pectineal line on anterior surface of pelvis
Insertion: pectineal line on posterior side of femur
Function: abduction and Flexion at hip joint

Femoral nerve

Question 17

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Adductor Magnus?

Answer 17

Origin: adductor part= inferior rami of pubis
hamstring part= ischial tuberosity
Insertion: adductor part= linea aspera of femur
hamstring part= adductor tubercle and medial supra condylar line of femur
Function: adduct thigh

Question 18

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Adductor longus?

Answer 18

Origin: pubis
Insertion: linea aspera of femur
Function: abducts thigh

Question 19

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Adductor brevis?

Answer 19

Origin: body of pubis and inferior pubic rami
Insertion: linea aspera on posterior surface of femur
Function: adducts thigh

Question 20

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Obturator externus?

Answer 20

Origin: membrane of obturator foramen
Insertion: posterior aspect of greater trochanter
Function: adduction and external rotation of thigh

Question 21

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Gracilis?

Answer 21

Origin: inferior rami of pubis
Insertion: medial surface of tibia
Function: adduction of thigh and Flexion of leg at knee

Question 22

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Biceps femoris?

Answer 22

Origin: long head= ischial tuberosity of pelvis
short head= linea aspera on posterior surface of femur
Insertion: head of fibula
Function: Flexion at knee, extends thigh and external rotation of hip

Question 23

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Semitendinosus?

Answer 23

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial surface of tibia
Function: Flexion of leg, extension of thigh, internal rotation

Question 24

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Semimembranosus?

Answer 24

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial tibial condyle
Function: Flexion of leg and extension of thigh and internal rotates the thigh

Question 25

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Tibialis anterior?

Answer 25

Origin: lateral surface of tibia Insertion: medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal I Function: Dorsi Flexion and inversion of foot Deep perineal nerve

Question 26

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Extensor digitorum Longus?

Answer 26

Origin: lateral condyle of tibia Insertion: into a toe Function: extension of lateral four toes and dorsiflexion Deep peroneal nerve

Question 27

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Extensor Hallucis longus?

Answer 27

Origin: medial surface of fibular shaft Insertion: base of distal phalanx of great toe Function: extension of great toe and dorsiflexion Deep peroneal nerve

Question 28

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Gastrocnemius?

Answer 28

Origin: lateral head= lateral femoral condyle medial head= medial femoral condyle Insertion: calcaneus Function: plantarflexes ankle Tibial nerve

Question 29

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Plantaris?

Answer 29

Origin: lateral supracondylar line of femur Insertion: calcaneal tendon Function: plantar Flexion Tibial nerve

Question 30

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Soleus?

Answer 30

Origin: soleal line of tibia Insertion: calcaneal tendon Function: plantarflexion Tibial

Question 31

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Popliteus?

Answer 31

Origin: lateral condyle of femur Insertion: above origin of soleus muscle Function: externally rotates femur on tibia (unlocking)

Question 32

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Extensor Tibialis posterior?

Answer 32

Origin: interosseous membrane between tibia and fibula Insertion: plantar surfaces of medial tarsal bones Function: inverts and plantarflexes foot

Question 33

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Flexor digitorum longus?

Answer 33

Origin: medial surface of tibia Insertion: plantar surfaces of lateral four digits Function: flexes lateral four toes

Question 34

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Flexor hallucis longus?

Answer 34

Origin: posterior surface of fibula Insertion: plantar surface of phalanx of great toe Function: flexes the great toe

Question 35

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Fibularis longus?

Answer 35

Origin: superior and lateral surface of the fibula Insertion: bones on medial side - medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal I Function: eversion and plantarflexion Superficial peroneal nerve

Question 36

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Fibularis brevis?

Answer 36

Origin: inferolateral surface of fibular shaft Insertion: tubercle on metatarsal V Function: eversion