Origins of Psychology

Question 1

two centeries

from what centery are the roots of psychology

Answer 1

17th and 19th

Question 2

what`s psychology was known like

Answer 2

experimental philosophy

Question 3

what approach created evalutionary theory

Answer 3

Biological (Darwin)

Question 3

year and name of the first book

Answer 3

1873 by Wundt
‘Principles of Physiological Psychology’

Question 4

year and place of the first Lab

Answer 4

1879 Leipzig Germany

Question 5

what was Wundts` aim

Answer 5

to study the structure of humans mind

Question 6

s….

his approach known as …

Answer 6

structuralism

Question 7

what is his main approach

one word

Answer 7

Interspection

Question 8

what are the 2 components that make up our inner world

Answer 8

sensation and feelings

Question 9

what is interspection

Answer 9

systematic analysis by which we gain information about our conscious experience

Question 10

how sensetions and feelings were examined in the lab by Wundt

Answer 10

stimuli+asked to reflect upon how they were perceiving it. this information then can be used to gian insight into the nature of mental process involved in perception or reaction time.
e.g. carefully controlled stimuli - listen to a tune and describe the inner process that was happening inside, what were they experiencing.
it made it possible to compare different reports and establish general theories

chosen participants were presented with …

Question 11

what was the goal of Introspection

Answer 11

to make introspection as scientific as possible, observations were replicable and people trained to analyse to make it objective.

Question 12

what is Empricism

Answer 12

knowledge comes from experience and observation

Question 13

Wundt new scientific approach was based on

based in two believes

Answer 13

1. all behaviour is deternmined - it has a cause
2. all behaviour is predictable

Question 14

schientific methods refers to the methods that are

Answer 14

1. Objective
2. Systematic
3. Replicable
4. Empirical

Question 15

what are the goals of science

Answer 15

1. describe (what)
2. explain (why)
3. predict
4. change

Question 16

with what scinetific goals are achieved

Answer 16

• empiricle testing (1)
• theory construction (2)
• controlled cause and effect (3)

Question 17

what are the strength of goals of scientific methods

Answer 17

1. cause of behaviour is established through empiricle testing and replicable methods = being reliable
2. knowledge from scientific method is more then just accepting the fact

it explains why the behaviour happens, what are the causes of it and how

Question 18

what are the limitations of goals of scientific methods

Answer 18

1. not all behaviour is observable - lowering degree of accuracy
2. not all will agree that the best way to study it is by using scientific methods

Question 19

strength

top 1

strength

Answer 19

his methods are systematic and controlled

Question 20

point 1

strength - systematic and controled

Answer 20

all introspections were** recorded** in a highly controlled lab environmnet, to ensure that all the extraneous variables are controlled. Procedure is standaralised, so everyone receives the same stimuli, information, instruction.

Question 21

tail 1

strength - systematic and controled

Answer 21

Wundt`s work is fundamental for all later scientific research like behaviourist approach

Question 22

top 2

weekness

Answer 22

Wundt`s work id unreliable, as he is trying to observe ‘nonobservable’ response

Question 23

point 2

weeknessc- non observable + comparing to other approach

Answer 23

• ppts descibed the way they perceived
• the process itself is unobservable
• approach has failed as it relys on one`s interpretation,
• **unreliable*
• introspective experimental results weren`t replicable nor reliable by other researches in labs

Question 24

tail 2 | weeknessc- non observable + comparing to other approach

Answer 24

in contrast the Behaviourist approach by Pavlov and Skinner - were already achieving reliable, replicable results that could be generalised nomothetically to create general laws and explain human behaviour

Question 25

top 3 | weekness by two researches

Answer 25

Nisbett and Wilson -we know little about the causeof our beahviour and attitudes

Question 26

point 3 | weekness by two researches

Answer 26

-it is a problem if we studying implicit attitudes -a racist person will have a different attitude to members of other ethinic group -unlike a person who doesnt have the same view on ethnic groups and unconsciously is more inclusive

Question 27

tail 3 | weekness by two researches

Answer 27

such attitudes exist outside of our conscious awareness therefore self report will not uncover them, as they are hidden for the person reporting too this is a big chalange of introspective research and questions its ability to be the right approach to study psychology

Question 28

top 4 | strength - being used

Answer 28

Introspective research is still being used - doesnt matter the disadvantages

Question 29

point 4 | strength - being used

Answer 29

-Hunter and Csikszentmihalyi -made happiness measurable through introspective research - gave teens beepers that went off randonmly - when it did - had to write thoughts and feelings - overall were unhappy, but when focused on chn=allanging tasks were more happy

Question 30

tail 4 | strength - being used

Answer 30

introspective research ake it able to understand momentary conditions that affect happiness it leads to the ability of improving life - gives reasins why and when teens were happy therefore introspective research has a good real life application