Origins of Socialism Flashcards
(15 cards)
What era did socialism grow from?
Enlightenment era
The Enlightenment was characterized by an emphasis on reason, science, and intellectual interchange.
What does socialism have in common with?
Liberalism
Both socialism and liberalism share beliefs in individual rights and the importance of societal progress.
What type of view does socialism have of human nature?
Optimistic view
Socialism believes in the potential for human improvement and cooperation.
What does socialism prioritize over faith and superstition?
Reason
This reflects the Enlightenment’s focus on rational thought.
What is a key characteristic of socialism?
Progressive reform
Socialism seeks to challenge the status quo and promote societal change.
What does socialism aim to achieve regarding oppression?
Liberation of humans
Socialism focuses on freeing individuals from various forms of oppression.
What foundational principle does socialism emphasize?
Equality
Socialism advocates for equal rights and opportunities for all individuals.
What traditional state does socialism reject?
Monarchical absolutism/divine right
Socialism opposes the idea that monarchs have a divine right to rule.
What does socialism reject in relation to anarchism?
The idea that the state cannot secure progress
Socialism believes that a structured state can help facilitate social progress.
During which conflict did anti-monarchists known as Levellers argue against private land ownership?
English Civil War (1649-60)
The Levellers believed land should be accessible to all people.
Who is a notable figure from the 18th century that criticized private ownership?
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Rousseau argued that private ownership led to social injustices.
When was the term ‘socialism’ first applied?
Early 19th century
This marked the formal recognition of socialist movements.
Who were the ‘utopian socialists’?
Charles Fourier and Robert Owen
They proposed radical alternatives to capitalism through communal living.
What did utopian socialists advocate for?
Independent communities based on communal ownership and production
They promoted equal distribution of resources and a culture of tolerance.
In the mid-19th century, socialism offered a new approach compared to which ideology?
Liberalism
Socialism aimed to make Enlightenment principles more achievable in an industrialized society.
