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Denise Olivares, RN > NEUROLOGIC NURSING > Flashcards

NEUROLOGIC NURSING Flashcards

1
Q

In ICP: Drug to decrease cerebral edema

A

Dexamethasone (Decadron)

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2
Q

Dexamethasone (Decadron) classification

A

CORTICOSTEROIDS

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3
Q

IN ICP: Promotes cerebral diuresis by decompressing brain tissue

A

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

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4
Q

Classification of mannitol

A

Osmotic Diuresis

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5
Q

main function of Henle’s loop

A

aims to reduce the volume of water and solutes within the urine without any change in its concentration.

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6
Q

Loop diuretic: ____

A

Furosemide

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7
Q

Furosemide acts in how many hours

A

6 hours

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8
Q

Infusions are monitored closely in ICP because

A

because of the risk of promoting additional cerebral edema and fluid overload

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9
Q

IN ICP: What position

A

Semifowlers

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10
Q

Monitor neuro status every ____

A

1-2 hrs

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11
Q

What to avoid in ICP

A

Avoid pressure like: Coughing, Straining of stools, valsalva manuever, excessive vomiting

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12
Q

In ICP: Seizure can also occur. Give what medication?

A

Phenytoin (dilantin)

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13
Q

ICP: What to give if have headache?

A

Codeine Sulfate

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14
Q

ICP: Limit fluids to _________

A

1200 liters/day

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15
Q

ICP: Maintain a patent airway because

A

because a high carbon dioxide (CO2) level increases intracranial pressure

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16
Q

Confirmatory test for Multiple Sclerosis

A

MRI

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16
Q

purpose of plasmapheresis

A

eliminates the antibodies in the plasma that are causing the autoimmune attack, and then returns the “cleaned” plasma and other blood components back to the body

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16
Q

MS:
What is more priority: Acute or Chronic exacerbation

A

ACUTE EXACERBATION

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16
Q

MS: MUSCLE RELAXANTS MEDS

A

Baclofen (Lioresal) & Dantrolene Na (Dantrene)

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16
Q

antiviral, antiparkinsonian, helps in fatigue

A

amantadine

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17
Q

MS: for tremors

A

propanolol

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18
Q

MS: key agent for acute relapse and shortens duration of relapse

A

IV methylprednisolone

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19
Q

MS: immunosuppressants drugs for chronic exacerbation

A

avonex, rebif

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20
Q

Atrophy of brain tissue to deficiency of SANS

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

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21
what is SANS in alzheimers
Somatostatin, Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Substance P
22
initial sign of alzheimers disease
Progressive memory loss
23
5 A's in alzheimers disease
amnesia, anomia, agnosia, apraxia, aphasia
24
In 5A's, what is common in alzheimers
APHASIA
25
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ALZHEIMERS
AUTOPSY
26
DOC ALZHEIMERS
DONEPEZIL
26
PRIORITY FOR ALZEIMERS
SAFETY
27
PARKINSONS DISEASE: WEAKNESS OR NON
NO WEAKNESS
28
PARKINSONS DISEASE: WHAT NUEROTRANSMITTOR DECREASE
DOPAMINE
28
INITIAL SIGN IN PARKINSONS DISEASE
TREMORS
29
MNEMONIC TO REMEMBER IN PARKINSONS DISEASE
PARC DARK! Pill rolling About to fall: Shuffling Gait Rigidity Cant swallow, speak Drugs Artane Resting Tremor Keep tremors down with antihistamine
30
common surgery in PARKINSONS DISEASE
deep brain stimulation
31
drugs for PARKINSONS DISEASE
levodopa, carbidopa
32
combination of levodopa and carbidopa
sinemet
33
controls dyskinesias in long term use of Levodopa
Amantadine HCL (symmetrel)
34
What to consider in taking antiparkinsonian
-take before meals for increase absorption -inform patient that urine stool may be darkened
35
Chronic autoimmune disorder in impulse transmission at neuromuscular junction
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
36
WHAT IS AFFECTED IN MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
VOLUNTARY MUSCLES
37
MG: ANTIBODIES ATTACK WHAT RECEPTOR ____ LEADING TO ______
ACTH Leading to muscle relaxation --> muscle weakness
38
MG: INITIAL SIGN
PTOSIS
38
MG: CONFIRMATORY TEST
TENSILON TEST
39
MG: WHAT HAPPENS IN TENSILON TEST
IT STRENGTHENS MUSCLES FOR 5-10 MINS
40
TENSILON TEST: SHORT TERM OR LONG TERM
SHORT TERM
41
MG: SURGERY
THYMECTOMY
42
MG: MEDICATION WHICH INHIBITS CHOLINESTERASE
CHOLINERGIC/ANTI CHOLINESTERASE
43
MG: DRUGS IN CHOLINERGIC/ANTI CHOLINESTERASE
Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) Neostigmine (Prostigmin)
44
MG: IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS
Azathioprine and Methotrexate
45
MG: SUPPRESS IMMUNE RESPONSE
Corticosteroids
46
MG: Under medication
MYASTHENIC CRISIS
47
MG: MANIFESTATION IN MYASTHENIC CRISIS
Cant See Cant Swallow Cant breathe Increase BP, HR, RR, Decrease Urine Output
48
MG: OVER MEDICATION
CHOLINERGIC CRISIS
49
MG: MANIFESTATION IN CHOLINERGIC CRISIS
PNS!! S - SALIVATION L - lacrimation U - urination D - defecation G - GI distress E - emesis Hypotension, Pupillary Miosis
50
INITIAL SIGN IN GBS
CLUMSINESS
51
IN GBS. WHAT IS THE RESULT IN CSF ANALYSIS
increase protein but normal WBC
52
GBS: TO FIGHT GBS ANTIBODIES
IV IMMUNOGLOBLULINS
53
Disruption of cerebral blood flow due to obstruction by embolus or thrombus
ISCHEMIC STROKE
54
CAUSE OF ISCHEMIC STROKE
atherosclerosis, thrombus, embolism, DM, HPN, atrial fibrillation
55
initial diagnostic test for stroke
CT SCAN
56
ISCHEMIC VS. HEMORRHAGIC: DARK BLOOD SEEN IN CT SCAN
ISCHEMIC STROKE
57
ISCHEMIC VS. HEMORRHAGIC: BLOOD IS BRIGHT SEEN IN CT SCAN
HEMORRHAGIC STROKE
58
STROKE: DIAGNOSTIC TEST TO CHECK FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
12 LEAD ECG
59
STROKE: TO SEE IF THERE'S FORMATION OF PLAQUE
CAROTID ULTRASOUND
60
STANDARD TESTS for Stroke
CT Scan, MRI, 12-Lead ECG
61
MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CVA
THROMBUS --> EMBOLISM --> CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE
62
ISCHEMIC STROKE MEDICATION: Give the Classification
THROMBOLYTIC AND ANTICOAGULANT
63
MNEMONIC FOR THROMBOLYTIC
UST! UROKINASE STREPTOKINASE TPA
63
SIDE EFFECT OF UROKINASE
HYPERTENSION
63
MNEMONIC FOR TPA
ART ALTEPLASE RETEPLASE TENECTEPLASE
64
SIDE EFFECT OF STREPTOKINASE
PRURITUS
65
SIDE EFFECT OF TPA
CHEST PAIN
66
drug of choice to STEMI
TENECTEPLASE
67
TPA CRITERIA
CRAB CT SCAN NO RECENT SURGERY AGE - ALLOWED 18y/o ABOVE BP CONTROLLED (should be <185/110), BLOOD TEST NORMAL
68
IN TAKING TPA, WHAT TO CONSIDER IN BLOOD TEST
Glucose: 70-100 INR: less than 1 sec; but if taking warfarin: 2-3 secs Platelet: 150,000 to 450,000
69
best parameter of thrombolytic
EPISTAXIS
70
Anticoagulant drugs
Heparin Coumadin Direct Oral Anticoagulants
71
What to monitor in taking heparin
PTT.
72
In taking Heparin, if PTT is prolonged, give antidote of ___
Protamine Sulfate
73
NORMAL PTT
30-40 secs
74
In taking Warfarin, if PT is prolonged, give antidote of ___
Vitamin K and aquamephyton
75
normal PT
11-12 secs
76
What are the Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Dabigatran (Pradaxa) Apixaban (Eliquis)
77
what are the Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
ACT Aspirin Clopidogrel Ticlopidine
78
adverse effect of aspirin
tinnitus
79
adverse effect of ticlopidine
GI discomfort
80
if warfarin is contraindicated, give _____
aspirin
81
aspirin can be given together with _____
clopidrogel
82
Bleeding into the brain tissue, ventricles, and subarachnoid space
HEMORRHAGIC STROKE
83
2 Types of Hemorrhagic Stroke
Primary intracerebral hemorrhage Secondary intracerebral hemorrhage
84
Type of hemorrhagic stroke wherein from spontaneous rupture of small vessels caused by uncontrolled HPN
Primary intracerebral hemorrhage
85
Type of hemorrhagic stroke wherein associated with AVMs, cerebral aneurysm, neoplasm, or certain medications (anticoagulants)
Secondary intracerebral hemorrhage
86
more definitive diagnostic for HEMORRHAGIC STROKE
MRI
87
medication in hemorrhagic stroke
antihypertensive, fresh frozen plasma, anticonvulsant
88
DOC FOR SEIZURE
PHENYTOIN (dilantin)
89
In skull fractures, during glucose test for CSF, yellowish halo/ring sign indicates
CSF leakage
90
jarring of the brain (naalog)
concussion
91
brain is bruise/damage (nauntog)
contusion
92
LAYERS OF MENINGES
DAP DURA ARACHNOID PIA
93
WHERE DOES SUBARACHOID SPACE IS PLACE
BELOW THE ARACHNOID
94
WHAT CONTAINS IN SUBARACHNOID
CONTAINS IN CSF
95
Between Skull and Dura mater
Epidural hematoma
96
Between dura and arachnoid mater
Subdural hematoma
97
Epidural hematoma: Arterial circulation ----> _________
Rapid hematoma development
98
Subdural hematoma: Venous bleeding ----> _________
slow hematoma development
99
Location of spinal cord injury: Quadriplegia Respiratory muscle paralysis
cervical
100
Location of spinal cord injury: Paraplegia (lower body is paralyzed) Poor control of upper trunk
Thoracic
101
Location of spinal cord injury: Paraplegia Bowel and bladder paralysis
Lumbar
102
In above sacral 2: male allow ___________ but no _________
male allow erection but no ejaculation
103
in sacral 2 to 4: no _______ & _________
no erection & ejaculation Bowel and bladder incontinence
104
complication in spinal cord injuries
Spinal Shock (Neurogenic Shock) & DVT
105
Medical Management for meningitis
antibiotic: penicillin G + ceftriaxone dexamethasone
106
Most common causative agent in meningitis
Streptococcus pneumoniae & Neisseria meningitidis

Denise Olivares, RN (8 decks)

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