Ortho 2 midterm exam Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
Occurs when the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar occludes in the mesiobuccal groove of the lower first molar.
A
Normal occlusion
2
Q
Same as normal occlusion but characterized by crowding, rotations, and other positional irregularities
A
Class I malocclusion
3
Q
The non- orthodontic normal models consistently demonstrated that the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first permanent molar occluded with the mesiobuccal groove of the lower first molar.
A
Key 1: Molar relationship.
4
Q
The gingival portion of the long axes of all crowns was more distal than the incisal portion
A
Key 2: Crown angulation (tip)
5
Q
refers to the labiolingual or buccolingual inclination of the long axis of the crown, not to the inclination of the long axis of the entire tooth.
A
Key 3: Crown inclination (torque)
6
Q
The fourth key to normal occlusion is that the teeth should be free of undesirable rotations. Figure below shows superimposed molar outline showing how the molar, if rotated, would occupy more space than normal, creating a situation unreceptive to normal occlusion.
A
Key 4: No rotations
7
Q
The fifth key is that the contact points should be tight (no spaces). Persons who have genuine tooth-size discrepancies pose special problems, but in the absence of such abnormalities tight contact should exist. Without exception, the contact points on the nonorthodontic normals were tight. (Serious tooth-size discrepancies should be corrected with jackets or crowns, so the orthodontist will not have to close spaces at the expense of good occlusion.)
A
Key 5: No spaces
8
Q
slight curve of Spee. The planes of occlusion found on the nonorthodontic normal models.
A
Key 6: The occlusal plane
9
Q
- deals with the tooth system
- teeth are malposed
A
Dental dysplasia
10
Q
-Too forward mx. and md.
- deals with the bone system
Neuromuscular immaturity (habits)
-Deals with the neuromuscular system
A
Skeletal Dysplasia
11
Q
The mesiobuccal cusp of upper first permanent molar occludes in the embrasure between the lower second premolar and first permanent molar
A
Class II
12
Q
- Bilateral distoclusion with labioversion of the maxillary anterior teeth (Naka palabas yung maxillary)
- both side ay class ___
A
- Class II Div 1
- Class II
13
Q
- unilateral distoclusion with labioversion of the maxillary anterior
A
Class II Div 1 Subdivision
14
Q
- bilateral distoclusion with linguoversion of the maxillary central incisors (nakapalabas)
- Both side ay ___
A
- Class II Div 2
- Class II
15
Q
- unilateral distoclusion with linguoversion of the maxillary central incisors
- Isang side lang ang…
A
- Class II Division 2 Subdivision
- Class II
16
Q
The MB cusp of the maxillary first molar is situated over the embrasure between the mandibular first and second molar.
A
Class III
17
Q
Modified Class I malocclusion with-
A
Type 1: Crowded anterior teeth.
Type 2: Protrusive maxillary incisors.
Type 3: Anterior crossbite.
Type 4: Buccoversion or linguoversion of posterior teeth.
Type 5: Mesial or distal drifting of posterior teeth
18
Q
Dewey’s Modification of Angle’s Class III are-
A
Type 1 : Edge to edge
Type 2 : Crowding, upper incisors labial in relation to the lower incisors
Type 3 : Crowding, (CROSSBITE) upper incisors lingual in relation to the lower incisors
19
Q
Simon’s Classification are— (craniometric classification)
A
– Frankfurt Horizontal
- Orbital
-Midsagittal
20
Q
FRANKFURT HORIZONTAL PLANE
1. Away from the plane
2. Near from the plane
A
- ATTRACTION
- ABSTRACTION
21
Q
Example of Attraction
A
Open bite
22
Q
Example of abstraction
A
Deep bite
23
Q
- ORBITAL PLANE are
- Anterior to the plane
- Posterior to the plane
A
- Protraction/Retraction
- Protraction
- Retraction
24
Q
- Midsagittal plane are..
- Away from the plane
- Near from the plane
A
- Distraction/Contraction
- Distraction
- Contraction
25
Ackerman-Proffit Classification are...
yung mga group
26
Ackerman-Proffit Classification Group 1 are:
> Alignment
> common to all dentitions
> universe
* ideal
* crowded
* spacing
* mutilated
27
What are the group of the ff according ackerman-proffit?
> Alignment
> common to all dentitions
> universe
* ideal
* crowded
* spacing
* mutilated
Group 1
28
what are Ackerman-proffit Group 2?
> Profile
> major sets
* straight
* convex
* concave
- glabella, subnasale and chin
29
What are the group of the ff according ackerman-proffit?
> Profile
> major sets
* straight
* convex
* concave
- glabella, subnasale and chin
Group 2
30
What are under Group 3 ackerman proffit?
> Lateral or transverse
> types of posterior crossbites
* contraction
* distraction
31
What are the group of the ff according ackerman-proffit?
> Lateral or transverse
> types of posterior crossbites
* contraction
* distraction
Group 3
32
What are under Group 4 ackerman proffit?
Sagittal or anteroposterior
> Angle’s classification
* anterior crossbites
* protraction
* retraction
33
What are the group of the ff according ackerman-proffit?
> Sagittal or anteroposterior
> Angle’s classification
* anterior crossbites
* protraction
* retraction
Group 4
34
What are under Group 5 ackerman proffit?
> Vertical
> bite depth
* deep bite
* open bite
* attraction
* abstraction
35
What are the group of the ff according ackerman-proffit?
> Vertical
> bite depth
* deep bite
* open bite
* attraction
* abstraction
Group 5
36
Group 6
> intersects 3 & 4
> transagittal direction
example:
Class II with posterior crossbite
Class II – sagittal
posterior crossbite - transverse
37
What are the group of the ff according ackerman-proffit?
> intersects 3 & 4
> transagittal direction
example:
Class II with posterior crossbite
Class II – sagittal
posterior crossbite - transverse
Group 6
38
Group 7
Intersects 4 & 5
> Sagitto-vertical direction
> examples:
* Class II overbite of 4 mm
* Class II – aneroposterior plane
* Overbite - vertical
39
What are the group of the ff according ackerman-proffit?
Intersects 4 & 5
> Sagitto-vertical direction
> examples:
* Class II overbite of 4 mm
* Class II – aneroposterior plane
* Overbite - vertical
Group 7
40
Group 8
> intersects 3 & 5
> transvertical direction
> ex. Deep bite with posterior crossbite
41
What are the group of the ff according ackerman-proffit?>Intersects 3 & 5
> transvertical direction
> ex. Deep bite with posterior crossbite
Group 8
42
Group 9
> Intersects 3, 4 & 5
> trans-sagitto-vertical direction
> example:
* Class II w/ posterior crossbite and
excessive openbite
* Class II – anteroposterior plane
* post. crossbite - transverse
* open bite - vertical
43
What are the group of the ff according ackerman-proffit?
> Intersects 3, 4 & 5
> trans-sagitto-vertical direction
> example:
* Class II w/ posterior crossbite and
excessive openbite
* Class II – anteroposterior plane
* post. crossbite - transverse
* open bite - vertical
Group 9
44
Characterized by a short and wide face, usually presents a flat mandibular plane angle. A deep bite is frequently associated with this facial type.
Brachyfacial
45
the average face. If a malocclusion is present, its etiological factors will generally be more dentoalveolar in nature and usually require less complex orthodontic treatment.
Mesofacial
46
A long and narrow face characterizes is? the maxilla exhibits excessive vertical growth and the mandibular plane is steeper than normal. This growth pattern will result in long and narrow alveolar dental arches in the upper arch and produce a clockwise rotation of the mandible during growth.
Dolichofacial
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Arch form is broad
Brachyfacial
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Arch form is long and narrow
Dolichofacial
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Arch form is average
Mesofacial
50
A convex profile indicates a skeletal Class __ jaw relationship
Class II
51
A concave profile indicates a skeletal Class __ jaw relationship.
Class III
52
What are under general factors (HEREDITY)?
A. Racial Influence
B. Facial Type
C. Growth & Development Pattern
D. Specific Dentofacial Morphologic Characteristics
53
What are under general factors CONGENITAL DEFECTS?
A. Cleft lip & palate
B. Cerebral Palsy
C. Torticollis
D. Cleidocranial Dysostosis
E. Congenital Syphilis
54
CLASSIFICATION OF CLEFT
-soft palate w/ possible notching of hard palate.
Class I
55
CLASSIFICATION OF CLEFT
- soft & hard palate but no alveolar ridge affected
Class II
56
CLASSIFICATION OF CLEFT
-complete unilateral lip jaw palate cleft
Class III
57
CLASSIFICATION OF CLEFT
- complete bilateral lip jaw palate cleft
Class IV
58
It has an abnormal muscular function during mastication, deglutition, respiration and speech.
Cerebral Palsy
59
what is the general factor of cerebral palsy?
Congenital defects
60
bizarre facial asymmetry with uncorrectable dental malocclusion.
Torticollis
61
- maxillary retrusion & mandibular protrusion
- retained deciduous teeth until middle age
- late eruption of permanent teeth
- short and thin roots of permanent teeth
- supernumerary teeth are common
Cleidocranial Dysostosis
62
What are under cleidocranial dysostosis?
- maxillary retrusion & mandibular protrusion
- retained deciduous teeth until middle age
- late eruption of permanent teeth
- short and thin roots of permanent teeth
- supernumerary teeth are common
63
variation in shape of teeth and malposed teeth
Congenital Syphilis
64
Describe Congenital Syphilis
variation in shape of teeth and malposed teeth
65
What are under general factor of environment?
1. Prenatal
2. Postnatal
66
what are under Prenatal?
•Pierre Robin Syndrome
- micromandible
•Treacher Collin Syndrome
- mandibular dysostosis
•Vogelgesicht
- inhibited growth of mandible due to ankylosis Of tmj may result to trauma.
•Drug induced deformities
- such as thalidomide that caused absence of limbs.
• German Measles
- congenital deformities
67
What are under postnatal?
*Falls
-Facial asymmetry caused by condylar fracture
*Burn
-Extensive scar tissue produces malocclusion
*Plaster neck cast
-Fractured cervical vertebrae has a strong elevating force on the mandible & forced the max incisor to fit into deep impression of the palate.
Prolonged Milwaukee Brace
- Deep bite and labioverted maxillary incisors
68
Pierre Robin Syndrome has...
micromandible
69
Treacher Collin Syndrome has...
mandibular dysostosis
70
Vogelgesicht___
inhibited growth of mandible due to ankylosis of tmj may result to trauma.
71
Drug induced deformities___
such as thalidomide that caused absence of limbs.
72
German Measles__
congenital deformities
73
Falls--
Facial asymmetry caused by condylar fracture
74
Burn
Extensive scar tissue produces malocclusion
75
Plaster neck cast
Fractured cervical vertebrae has a strong elevating force on the mandible & forced the max incisor to fit into deep impression of the palate.
76
Prolonged Milwaukee Brace
Deep bite and labioverted maxillary incisors
77
What are under general factor of PREDISPOSING METABOLIC CLIMATE AND DISEASES?
A. Acute febrile disease
B. Exanthematous fever
C. Poliomyelitis
D. Thyroid disturbances
- Hypothyroidism(Cretin)
- Hyperthyroidism
78
Retardation of growth and development
Acute Febrile
79
Upset timetable of tooth
development
Exanthematous fever
80
bizarre malocclusion and muscle paralysis
Poliomyelitis
81
retained dec. teeth, abnormal resorption of deciduous teeth, and delayed in the eruption of permanent dentition.
Thyroid disturbances
82
gingival disturbance
Hypothyroidism
83
class III, anterior open bite & large tongue
Cretin
84
delayed eruption of permanent dentition in general factors
Euthyroid/ pituitary dwarf
85
large mandible, post development of condylar growth & multiple resorption
Acromegaly/hyperpituitarism
86
What are under general factors of DIETARY PROBLEMS?
•Rickets / vit D deficiency
-softening of bones
•Scurvy / vit C deficiency
-spongy gums & loosening
of teeth
•Beri-beri / vit B deficiency
- chapped lips
- inflammation of mouth &
87
softening of bones
Rickets / vit D deficiency
88
spongy gums & loosening of teeth
Scurvy / vit C deficiency
89
- chapped lips
- inflammation of mouth &
Beri-beri / vit B deficiency
90
- prolonged retention of deciduous teeth
-premature loss
-abnormal eruptive path
Other effects on dentition of dietary problem
91
mandibular retrusion caused by stoop shouldered child with pressure on the chin .
Posture
92
Non vital deciduous teeth would result to abnormal resorption pattern.
Trauma or accidents
93
No. 1 normal habit
Thumbsucking
94
what age of thumsucking, naturally resolved, if persist the use of pacifier is advised?
0-3
95
what age of thumb-sucking caused by anxiety palatal crib treatment of choice?
3-7 y/o
96
what age of thumbsucking requires psychotherapy/ dentist psychologist/ physician?
4 y/o and above
97
what appliance needed in thumb-sucking?
Palatal Crib Appliance
98
Effects of thumb-sucking?
•Protrusion of maxillary segment
•Retrusion of mandibular segment
•Deep palatal vault
•Open bite
•Cross bite, post. Open bite
• Tongue thrusting habit
99
psychological excessive overjet/overbite, thumbsucking, tonsillitis/pharyngitis
Tongue Thrusting
100
Effects of tongue thrusting?
-anterior open bite
-labioversion of anterior teeth
-posterior open bite
101
Choice of appliance in tongue thrusting?
Tongue crib
102
psychological class 1 type 2 and class II
Lip Bitting
103
Effects of lower lip bitting
protrusion of max.anterior teeth
& retrusion of mand. anterior teeth
104
Effects of upper lip bitting
Retrusion of max. anterior teeth
& protrusion of mand.anterior teeth
105
Appliance of choice in lip bitting
lip bumper/ plumper
denholtz – upper lip biting
mayne – lower lip biting
106
effects of cheek bitting
post. Open bite
post. Cross bite
ulcer on the mucosa
107
Appliance of choice in cheek bitting
Buccal shield appliance
108
Cause is nasal congestion/ obstruction
Mouth breathing
109
effects of mouth breating
bimaxillary protrusion
open bite
chapped lips
110
Appliance of choice in mouth breathing
oral screen appliance
111
cause is psychological overfilled restoration excessive vertical dimension
Night grinding
112
Effects of night grinding (bruxism)
abrasion
trauma on periodontal tissue
113
Appliance of choice in night grinding
Night guard appliance
114
Local factors anomalies in number
Supernumerary teeth
Missing Teeth
115
Supernumerary teeth leads to...
Crowding
116
Missing teeth leads to...
spacing
117
ANOMALIES IN TOOTH SIZE (hereditary sya)
MOSTLY IN PREMOLAR
•Macrodontia: leads to crowding
•Microdontia: leads to spacing
118
ANOMALIES IN TOOTH SHAPE
• Peg shaped lateral
- most common leads to spacing
• Mandibular 2nd premolar
- may have extra lingual cusp
119
ABNORMAL LABIAL FRENUM
•Leads to diastema
•Blanche test
•frenectomy
120
PREMATURE LOSS OF DECIDUOUS TEETH (local factors)
*Leads to decrease arch length, drifting of adjacent teeth and insufficient space for the erupting permanent tooth
*Need Space maintainer
121
PROLONGED RETENTION OF DECIDUOUS TEETH
•Cause is Hereditary
•Endocrine imbalance
• hypothyroidism
Leads to crowding (permanent successor is erupting but deciduous tooth is still present)
122
DELAYED ERUPTION OF PERMANENT TEETH (local factors)
Causes:
*Endocrine imbalance: hypothyroidism
*Road block (supernumerary,root fragments)
*Mucosal barriers
*Early loss of deciduous teeth
*Leads to drifting of adjacent permanent teeth
123
ABNORMAL ERUPTIVE PATH
Causes:
•Hereditary, Crowding, supernumerary
•Retained dec teeth, Root fragment
•Bony barrier, Coronal cyst
•Ectopic eruption, accident
•Uneven root resorption of deciduous tooth
•Leads to crossbite; malposed tooth
124
ANKYLOSIS
•Bony bridge bet lamina & cementum
• due to accidents/trauma
•Leads to infraversion/nfraocclusion
125
DENTAL CARIES
•Premature loss of teeth
•Overeruption
•Drifting of adjacent teeth
•Abnormal axial inclination
•Shorten arch length/perimeter
126
IMPROPER DENTAL RESTORATIONS
•Increase/decrease arch length
•Increase/decrease vertical dimension
