Ortho Flashcards
(25 cards)
What common problem must all newborns be examined for?
Congenital dislocation of the hip
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
What is compartment syndrome?
Increased pressure in a closed fascial space
Acute septic arthritis of the knee may be differentiated from inflammatory arthritis by which laboratory test?
Any analysis of fluid from aspiration (cell count, gram stain, culture)
A patient dislocates his knee in a car accident. What structures are at risk for injury and therefore must be evaluated?
Popliteal artery
Tibial nerve I guess just think what’s around but know that first one
A patient punches his companion in the face and sustains a fracture of the 5th metacarpal and a 3mm break in the skin over the fracture. What is the correct treatment and why?
Irrigation and debridement; risk of infection
A patient comes to he office complaining of low back pain that wakes him up from sleep. What two diagnoses are you concerned about?
Tumor and infection
How is compartment syndrome treated?
Fasciotomy
A patient lands on his hand. It is tender to palpation in the snuff box. Initial radiographs do not show a fracture. What diagnosis must be considered?
Scaphoid fracture
Carpal bone fracture
A 25 year old male is involved in a MVA. His left limn is in a position of Flexion at the knee and hip with internal rotation and adduction of the hip. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Posterior hip dislocation
What never is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?
Median nerve
A patient has a disc herniation pressing on the 5th lumbar nerve root. How is motor function of the 5th lumbar nerve root tested?
Dorsiflexion of the great toe
Extension
How is motor function of the median nerve tested in the hand?
Metacarpophalangeal finger Flexion
Thumb opposition, Flexion, or abduction
A 12 year old boy severely twists his ankle. Radiographs show only soft tissue swelling. He is tender at the distal aspect of the fibula. What are two possible diagnoses?
Ligament sprain
Salter-Harris I fracture
A patient presents with new onset low back pain. Under what conditions are plain radiographs indicated? Name 5
Age >50
Neurological deficit
Bowel or bladder changes
History of Cancer
Pregnancy
Drug use
Steroid use
Systemic symptoms
Pediatric pt
A patient has a displaced fracture near the fibular neck. What structure is at risk for injury?
Common peroneal nerve
A 20 year old injured his knee playing football. You see him on the same day. He has a knee effusion. An aspiration shows frank blood. What are the three most common diagnoses?
Ligament tear
Bone fracture
Meniscal tear
What are the five most common sources of Cancer metastatic to the bone?
Breast
Prostate
Lung
Kidney
Thyroid
Name two differences between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Inflammatory vs. Degenerative
Proximal Interphalangeal joint vs. Distal Interphalangeal joint
Which malignancy may be present in bone yet typically is not detected with a bone scan?
Myeloma
What is the function of the normal anterior cruciate ligament of the knee?
To prevent anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur
What is the difference between osteoporosis and osteomalacia?
Osteoporosis has decreased bone density
Osteomalacia has decreased bone mineralization
In elderly patients, displaced fractures of the femoral neck are typically treated with joint replacement whereas fractures near the trochanter are treated with plates and screws. Why?
Blood supply to the femoral head is worse
What muscles are involved in lateral epicondylitis?
Extensor carpi radialis brevi
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor digitorum communis
Rupture of the biceps at the elbow results in weakness of both elbow Flexion and…
Supination
