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set 7 (ortho & pedo) > Ortho doc micks > Flashcards

Ortho doc micks Flashcards

1
Q

Classificatiom of Malocclusion (according to angle)

A
  1. Class I / Neutrocclusion
  2. Class II/ Distocclusion/ Retrognathism
  3. Class III/ Mesiocclusion
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2
Q

MB cusp of the Max. 1st molar lines up with the buccal groove of the Mand. 1st molar
Max. Canine lies between the Mand. Canine & 1st PM

A

Class 1 / Neutrocclusion

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3
Q

Type of Class I/ Neutrocclusion
(CLAPME) B
Deweys’ Classification

A
  1. Crowding of ant. teeth
  2. Labioversion of Max. Cental Incisor
  3. Ant. crossbite
  4. Post. Crossbite
  5. Mesial drifting
  6. Bimaxillary retrusion
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4
Q

MB cusp of the Max. 1st molar falls between the Mand. 1st molar & 2nd PM
Max. Canine is mesial to Mand. Canine

A

Class II / Distocclusion/ Retrognathism

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5
Q

Types of Class II/ Distocclusion/ Retrognathism

A

Class II Division I

Class II Division II

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6
Q

Max. Incisor in extreme labioversion

A

Class II Division I - sunday bite

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7
Q

Max. Incisor tipped palatally & in retruded position. The max. laterals are typically tipped labially or mesially
/spiderman

A

Class II Division II

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8
Q

Bilateral Molar Relationship

A

Class I Dvision I

Class II Division II

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9
Q

MB cusp of the Max. 1st molar falls between the Mand. 1st molar & 2nd Molar
Maxilary Canine is distal to Mand. Canine

A

Class III/ Mesiocclusion / Prognathism

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10
Q

Types Of Class III / Mesiocclusion/ Prognathism

A
  1. Edge to edge
  2. Ant. crowding
  3. Ant.crossbite
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11
Q

‼️📌📌REMEMBER

What is the common malocclusion

A

Class I malocclusion- 70%
Class II - 25%
Class III- 5%

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12
Q

📌‼️‼️Sign on Incipient Malocclusion

A
  1. Premature loss of primary canine
  2. Lack of intedental spacing in primary dentition
  3. Crowding of Permanent incisor in mixed dentition
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13
Q

Penicillin allergy

A

Clindamycin

Erythromycin

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14
Q

Start of MDA/ Ugly Duckling Stage

A

6y/o- 12 y/o

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15
Q

If there is premature loss of Primary Mand.canine what is the appliance of choice

A

Lingual Holding Arch w/ spurs

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16
Q

📌‼️‼️‼️BOARD EXAM Q.

1.What is the normal eruption sequence of max. teeth of mand. teeth?

A

Max- 61245378

Mand.-:61234578

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17
Q

‼️📌📌📌BEQ.

  1. Permanent Ant. teeth erupt in what direction
  2. Perm. Ant. teeth are seen _____ in relation to deciduous ant.
  3. Deciduous ant. teeth are seen ____ in relation to permanent anterior
  4. Permanent premolars are seen _____ of deciduous molars
A
  1. Facial & Occlusal
  2. Apical & Lingual
  3. Occlusal & Facial
  4. Bifurcation
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18
Q

📌‼️‼️BQ.

Which surface of the deciduous teeth resorbs first when permanent teeth erupts?

A

Lingual surface

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19
Q

‼️📌📌📌BQ

A 12 y/o px had his permanent 1st molars extracted , what is the next thing the dentist must do?

A

RPD (Space Maintainer)

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20
Q

📌‼️‼️‼️An

8 y/o px had his permanent 1st molar extracted, what is the next thing the dentist must do?

A

Observe No tx
8-10 y/o exo
tx: observe

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21
Q

FPD & Implant

A

> 18;y/o

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22
Q

Ant. Open bite or excessive overjet

contact betwwen the tip of the tongue & lingual surface of the teeth

A

S,Z ,ch, j

sibilants/linguoalveolar

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23
Q

Irregular incisors

contact between tip of the tongue between maxillary & mandibular teeth

A

T,D , n , l

Linguodental sounds)

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24
Q 
Skeletal class III
contact between wet/dry line of lower lip & maxillary incisor
A

F,V ( Fricatives)

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25
Q

Cleft lip

contact between upper & lower lip

A

B,P,M - Bilabial Sound

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26
Q

1st common in babies

A

B,P,M bilabial sound

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27
Q

problem pronouncing “R”
high arched palate
short lingual frenum
malocclusion skeletal class 3

A

Rhotacism

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28
Q

‼️📌Determines tooth- tooth, bone-bome & tooth - bone relationships
shows the amount & direction of craniofacial growth

A

Cephalometrics

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29
Q

📌‼️‼️ Poor Man’s Cephalometrics

A

Facial Profile Analysis

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30
Q

3 Points

Facial Profile Analysis

A
  1. Glabella
  2. Subnasale
  3. Tip of the chin
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31
Q

‼️📌Facial Profile

A

Straight
Convex
Concave

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32
Q

highest point in the concavity behind the occipital condyle

A

Bolton (Bo)

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33
Q

most forward & highest point of the ant. margin of foramen magnum

A

Basion (Ba)

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34
Q

the point of intersection of the contour of the posterior cranial base & posterior contour of the condylar process

A

Articulare (Ar)

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35
Q

junction of Frontal & Nasal bone

A

Nasion

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36
Q

most superior margin of the external auditory canal

A

Porion (Po)

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37
Q

midpoint of Sella Turcica

Most stable landmark in ceph

A

Sella

Pituitary Gland/ Hypohysis/ masters gland

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38
Q

Most inferior portion of the orbit

A

Orbitale

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39
Q

Innermost point on contour of premaxilla between incisor & ANS

A

Point A / Subspinale

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40
Q

Innermost point on contour of mandible between incisor & bony chin

A

Point B / Supramentale

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41
Q

Most ant. point of contour of chin

A

Pogonion (Pog)

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42
Q

Most inferior part of the mandibular symphysis

A

Menton

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43
Q

lowest most posterior point on the mandible with the teeth in occlusion

A

Gonion

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44
Q

Points in Ceph

Determine Facial Profile

A
  1. Nasion
  2. Point A
  3. Point B
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45
Q

‼️📌📌📌REMEMBER

What is the most stable landmark in cephalometric radiograph?

A

Sella

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46
Q

Porion to Orbitale

A

Frankfort Horizontal Plane

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47
Q

What is the point between Pogonion & Menton

A

Gnathion

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48
Q

Porion to Orbitale

A

Frankfut Horizontal Plane

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49
Q

Nasion to sella forms what plane

A

Sella Nasion Plane

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50
Q

Nasion to pogonion forms what plame

A

Facial Plane

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51
Q

Menton to Gonion forms what plane

A

Mandibular Plane

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52
Q

Forms the Y- axis plane

A

Sella & Gnathion

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53
Q

Thery represent ant. cranial base

A

Frankfort

SNP

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54
Q

Mandibular plane & Frankfurt-horizontal plane

A

Frankfurt Mandibular Plane Angle

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55
Q

Normal Frankfurt Mandibular Plane Angle

A

28.7 +- 5.8:(22.3-34.5)

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56
Q

long vertical dimension, Ant. open bite , Class II

A

Steep Mand. Plane Angle

tongue thrusting, habit, mouth breather

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57
Q

A- Nasion- B

A

ANB

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58
Q

Normal range ANB

A

2.5+- 2.5 (0-5)

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59
Q

Higher than range

A

Skeletal Class II

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60
Q

Lower than range

A

Skeletal Class III

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61
Q

📌‼️‼️‼️

Tweed’s Triangle

A

FMA- Frankfurt Mandibular Plane Angle
FMIA- Frankfurt Mandibular Incisor Angle
IMPA- Incisor Mandibular Plane Angle

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62
Q

any type of appliance that can removed by px

A

RA

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63
Q

Indications of RA

A

Tipping Movements
Retention after comprehensive movements
Growth modificatiom during mixed dentition

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64
Q

Major Components Of RA

A
  1. Retentive Component
  2. Anchorage component
  3. Framework / Baseplate
  4. Tooth moving component/ Active component
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65
Q

adams clasp, ball clasp, c clasp. & arrow clasp

A

Retentive Component

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66
Q

acryclic & provides anchorage

A

Framework or Baseplate

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67
Q

springs, jack screws or elastics

A

Active component or tooth moving component

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68
Q

resist force of active component

A

Anchorage Component

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69
Q

Usually used in developing skeletal class II to hold maxillart growth to allow mandible to catch up

A

Headgears

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70
Q

Headgears

Worn:
Tx length:

A

10-14hrs per day

6-18mos

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71
Q

headcap connected to facebow

Movement: Distal & Intrusive force on Max. Molars & Maxilla

A

High Pull Headgear

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72
Q

neck strap connected to the facebow

Movement: Distal & Extrusive force on Max. teeth & Maxilla

A

Cervical Pull Headgear

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73
Q

same as cervical pull headgear

Movement : Distal direction only

A

Straight Pull Headgear

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74
Q

Disadvantage of Cervical pull headgear

A

Extrusion of Maxillary Molar

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75
Q

Combination Headgear

combine the high pull & cervical

A

Straight pull headgear

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76
Q

for developing skeletal class III Malocclusion to protract the Maxilla & Mandibular growth

A

Reverse Pull Headgear

A.KA. Face Mask / Protraction

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77
Q

For Developing Skeletal Class II

A

High pull headgear
Cervical Pull headgear
Straight pull headgear

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78
Q

‼️📌📌📌

Extra oral headgear is used to tx scoliosis

A

Milwaukee Brace

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79
Q

designed to modify growth during mixed dentition both dental & skeletal
effects
forced the mandible move forward, skeletal developing Class II

A

Functional Appliance

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80
Q

Mechanism of Action of Functional Appliance

A

Advances the mand. forward & allow condyle to move superiorly & posteriorly towards the fossa
It used to alter the function of the facial & jaw musculature
To create a good environment to developing dentition
Optimize craniofacial growth (Class II cases)

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81
Q

developing skeletal class III

A

Chin cup

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82
Q

Tooth- Borne Appliance (BATH)

A

Bionator
Activator
Twin block
Herbst

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83
Q

Tissue- Borne Appliance

it altered both mandibular posture & contour of facial soft tissue

A

Frankel Functional Appliance-

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84
Q

📌‼️‼️‼️BE

Order of Wire Bending

A

Ist- In & out ( facial, lingual, rotation
2nd- M & D tipping
3rd- torque

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85
Q

‼️📌📌BE

method by which a rectangular archwire is inserted into the bracket

A

Edgewise Method

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86
Q

a device that projects horizontally to support auxillaries and is open on one sode usuallt in the vertical or horizontal axis

A

Bracket

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87
Q

History of Bracket
Pin & tube appliance
Ribbon Arch appliance - has a vertically positioned slot

A

1910- Edward Angle

1915-

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88
Q

inverted/modified ribbom arch

A

Begg Appliance

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89
Q

Edgewise Appliance

A

0-022 x 0.028 (slot size) with single or double tie wings

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90
Q

1st, 2nd & 3rd order bend are needed

A

Conventional Edgewise

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91
Q

1st, 2nd and 3rd order bends are incoporated in the brackets
X not required to use bands

A

Pre- adjusted Edgewise Appliance (PEA)

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92
Q

Father of Modern Orthodontics

A

Edward Angle

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93
Q

📌‼️‼️Remember
what is the most commonly used orthodontic appliace
Band free Appliance
Four Basis Components of Fixed Appliance

A
  1. Edgewise
  2. PEA (Pre-adjusted Edgewise Appliance)
  3. Band, Brackets, Archwires,Auxillaries
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94
Q

Crozat appliance

A

Bond Free

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95
Q

excess fluoride intake

excrete

A

Kidneys

96
Q

uses molar bands

GIC cements are used

A

Banding

97
Q

Bonding

A

35-50% unbufferee phosphoric acid for etching before bonding

98
Q

bonding agent

A
  1. BIS - GMA
  2. TEGDMA
  3. UEDMA
99
Q

Most common etchant for ortho

A

35-50% unbuffered phosphoric

100
Q

most common bonding agent

A

BIS- GMA= bowen 1962

101
Q

‼️📌📌📌

Properties of Archwires

A
  1. High strength
  2. Low sriffness
  3. High formability
  4. High working range
102
Q

Alloy composition

A

Stainless Steel Wires

Cobalt- chromium wires

103
Q

Stainless steel wires

Cobalt- chromium wires

A

Chromium

Cobalt rigid

104
Q

ductile

A

Ability of material to deform without fracturing

105
Q

Elastics

A

Class I elastics (horizontal elastics)
Class II elastics
Class III elastics

106
Q

for space closure and it can open the bite also

A

Class I elastics (horizontal elastics)

Interarch type

107
Q

used to tx Class II , crosses the arch

A

Class II

108
Q

used to tx class III

A

Class III elastics

109
Q

defined as discrepancies in the faciolingual relationship of the max & mand.arch

A

Crossbites

110
Q

buccal displacement of a posterior teeth

A

Buccal Crossbite

111
Q

lingual displacement of posterior teeth

A

Lingual crossbite

112
Q

abnormal buccolingual relationship of teeth in the maxilla & mandible when 2 dental arches are brought into occlusion

A

Posterior Crossbite

113
Q

abnormal direction of eruption

A

Dental Posterior Crossbite

114
Q

cause Maxillary Constriction

cleft palate

A

Skeletal Post. Crossbite

115
Q

Cause oral habit

thumbsucking

A

Functional Post. Crossbite

116
Q

Posterior Crossbite

Tx. Skeletal , Dental & Functional

A

Palatal Expansion

117
Q

Rapid Palatal Expander Framework

A

HAAS

Hyrax

118
Q

abnormal labio lingual relationship between 1 or more maxillart & mandibular teeth

A

Ant.Crossbite

3-4mos. let the appliance to stay

119
Q

📌‼️‼️‼️BE

Most common cause of ant.crossbite

A

Over retained deciduous teeth

120
Q

Dental ant. crossbite tx

A

Tongue blade
Inclined plane / Composite inclines
Hawley Appliance with springs
Jackscrew devices

121
Q

associated with developing skeletal class III

A

Skeletal Ant. Crossbite

Tx. Headgear

122
Q

Px adapts a jaw position upon closure which is forward to normal
Habit - Protrusion of Mandible

A

Functional Ant. Crossbite (Pseudo class III)

123
Q

Tx. of Functional Ant.Crossbite (Pseudoclass III)

A

Occlusal Equilibration

124
Q

‼️📌📌BQ

Best way to prevent relapse of crossbite

A

+ overbite lock teeth to prevent movement to lingual

125
Q

Triad of Thumbsucking

A

Duration ***most important - 6hrs
Frequency - AM-PM
Intensity - one room away

126
Q

<31/2 years of age

A

Observe no tx - normal

127
Q

What is the initial tx for a 3 yr old px with thumbsucking habit

A

Observe / No tx

128
Q

What is the appliance of choice for thumbsucking

A

Palatal Crib

129
Q

What are the possible consequences of thumbsucking habit

A

Ant. Open bite

130
Q

opposite arches cannot be brought into occlusion

A

Ant. Openbite

131
Q

Most common malocclusiom during the early MDP

A

Ant. Crossbite

132
Q

What is the most common cause of ant. crossbite

A

Thumbsucking habit

133
Q

What is the tx for ant. openbite during the early mixed dentition period

A

Observe / No tx

134
Q

What is the tx for ant. openbite due to thumbsucking habit during the early mixed dentition period (6yrold)

A

Elimination of Thumbsucking habit

135
Q

tongue protrudes during protrudes during swallowing , speech or even at rest

A

Tongue thrusting

136
Q

most common cause of tongue thrusting

A

Thumbsucking

137
Q

Types of Swallowing

A

Infantile Swallowing

Adult swallowing

138
Q

0-18 mos.

tongue between gumpads

A

Infantile swallowing

139
Q

18mos. initial sign of adult swallowimg

tongue tip ant 1/3 of hard palate lingual portion of Max. Central

A

Adult Swallowing

140
Q

📌‼️‼️‼️ Feeding bottles

A

Nuk sauger

mimic the breast of mother

141
Q

‼️📌📌Most common malocclusion during the Early MDP

A

Open bite
Deep bite
Increase overjet

142
Q

Retained Infantile swallowing

A

Tongue thrusting

143
Q

📌‼️‼️REMEMBER

What is the tx for tongue thrusting associated with developmental peripd?

A

Observe/ No Tx

144
Q

‼️📌📌📌What is the tx for tongue thrusting habit associated with thumbsucking habit?

A

Removal of thumbsucking habit

145
Q

‼️‼️‼️Appliance of choice for tongue thrusting?

A

Tongue crib

146
Q

‼️‼️Appliance of choice to correct swallowing?

A

Blue Grass - correct infantile swallowing pattern into a adult

147
Q

passive appliance
prevent Mesial Drifting of permanent 1st molars
‼️‼️📌📌Well-restored natural tooth is best space retainer

A

Space Maintainer

148
Q

unilateral, single tooth loss

A

Band & Loop

149
Q

bilateral , single/multiple tooth loss

unilateral , multiple tooth loss

A

Lingual Holding Arch

150
Q

Early loss of primary 2nd molar before perm. 1st molar erupts

A

Distal shoe

151
Q

functional space maintainer

A

Partial dentures

152
Q

LHA

A

Perm.1st molar

Perm.Mand. Incisor

153
Q

Premature loss primary of Mand. Canine

A

LHA w/ spurs

154
Q

Disadvantage Acryclic button

A

Irritation Nance Appliance

155
Q

‼️📌📌What is common space maintainer

A

Band & Loop

156
Q

‼️📌📌Possible symptom of Bruxism

A

strain - facial muscle

157
Q

palatal crib

A

Thumb/ Finger sucking

158
Q

night guard/ bite plane

A

Bruxism- malocclusion, anxiety, stress

159
Q

Lip bumber/ plumber/mayne/ denholtz

A

Hyperactive Mentalis

160
Q

Oral Screen

A

Cheek / Lip biting

161
Q

tongue crib

A

tongue thrusting

162
Q

oral vestibular screen/ shield

A

Mouth breathing

163
Q

determines the future antero- posterior positiom of permanent 1st molar
Compares Distal portion of E

A

Primary Molar Relationship

164
Q

normal cusp to cusp permanent 6 may lead to class I by Mesial shifting

A

Flush terminal plane

165
Q

with immediate available space

A

Early Flush Terminal

166
Q

without immediate Available space

A

Late Flush terminal plane

167
Q

Angle class II

A

Distal step

168
Q

Angle class I

A

Mesial step

169
Q

Mesial movement of the 1st permanent molar during the course of the child development
Goal

A

Mesial Shifting

To close the nance leeway space

170
Q

the difference between MD width of CDE & 345

A

Nance Leeway Space

171
Q

Leeway space

A

CDE- 345

172
Q

📌‼️Leeway space is

A

Positive

173
Q

Maxillary: Mesial of primary canine
Distal of primary lateral incisors
Between primary canine & primary lateral incisor

A

Maxillary Primate Space

174
Q

Mand. Distal of primart canine
Mesial of primary 1st molar
Between primary canine & primary 1st molar

A

Mand.Primate Space

175
Q

Diastema

Causes

A
  1. Normal part of development
  2. Tooth size discrepancy
  3. Mesiodens
  4. Abnormal frenal attachment
176
Q

usually closes after canine erupts

common & normal during the Mixed Dentition Period

A

Max. Midline Diastema of <2mm

177
Q

unlikely to close even after canine erupts

A

Large Maxillary Midline Diastema of >2mm

178
Q

Flush Terminal Plane

A
  1. Cusp to cusp

2. Class I mesial shifting

179
Q

Distal

A

Class II

180
Q

Mesial Class I

A

Class I

Class III

181
Q

📌‼️‼️Always wait for the canine before tx the diastema

A
182
Q

‼️📌📌What is the primary determinant of diastema

A

Canine

183
Q

What is the tx for an 8y/o px with 3mm diastema

A

Observe/ wait for the canine

Take a radiograph

184
Q

Tx for a 12y/o 2mm diastema

A

Diastema closure

185
Q

*SUPERNumerary Teeth ( GDCS)

A

Gardners / Familial Colorectal Polyposis
Down’s Syndrome
Cleidocranial
Sturge Weber syndrome

186
Q

📌‼️‼️Remember

1.what is the most common supernumerary teeth

A

Mesiodens

187
Q

‼️📌📌Remember

2. What stage of tooth development does supernumerary occur?

A

Initiation Stage

188
Q

‼️‼️How many teeth are present in a panoramic radiograph of a newly born child?

A

24 teeth

20 deciduous / 4 perm 6s

189
Q

generally structures farther from the brain Grows more but Grows later

A

Cephalocaudal Growth curve

190
Q

Increase in size until puberty then starts to decrease in size

A

Lymphoid Growth curve

thymus, lymph nodes

191
Q

Timing of Growth Spurt

A

3 3
7-9 / 6-7
14-15 / 11-12

192
Q

‼️‼️📌📌📌Remember
The earlier the growth spurt, the lesser the growth
the earlier it will

A

Stop

193
Q

Most of the facial bones are V shaped
Most V - shaped bones follow this principle
DIOR

A

Enlow’s V Principle Of Growth

194
Q

📌‼️‼️BE

Enlow’s V Principle of Growth

A 
Mandible
Maxilla
Palate
Orbit of the eye
except Alveolar,Process
195
Q

Most bones grows by interplay of bone depostion & resorption. This combined bone deposition & resorptipm resulys to a gradual growth movement towards the deposition surface known as

A

Cortical drift

196
Q

facing the direction of growth (+)

A

Deposition

197
Q

facing away (-)

A

Resorption

198
Q

gradual movement of the growing area of the bone

A

Deposition + Resorption = Cortical drift

199
Q

bone were teeth embedded

dental follicle /sac

A

Alveolar Process

200
Q

negative ions are present

A

Deposition- Piezoelectric theory

201
Q

positive ions are present

A

Resorption- Piezoelectric Theory

202
Q 
‼️📌📌BE
Maxilla
Growth center: 
Cortical Drift Direction
Growth displacement
A

Nasal septum
Superior- Posterior (Upward- Backward)
Downward- Forward (Inferior - Anterior)

203
Q

Mandible
Growth center
Cortical Drift direction
Growth displacement

A

Condylar cartilage
Superior-Posterior (Upward- Backward)
Downward - Forward (Inferior-Anterior)

204
Q

📌‼️‼️Remember

At the age of 6 the greatest increase in size of the mandible occurs

A

Distal to the 1st molar

205
Q

genetic influence

A

Genetic theory

206
Q

sutural growth

A

Sichers Theory

207
Q

nasal septum

condylar cartilage

A

Scott’s Theory

208
Q

Most accepted theory form follows function, functional matrices

A

Moss’ Theory

209
Q

He supports all the theory

A

Van Limborg’ Theory

210
Q

servosystem theory

A

Petrovic Theory

211
Q

area of cellular hyperplasia

A

Synchondroses

212
Q

closes 3-5 y/o

A

Intraoccipital synchondroses

213
Q

Growth site for Cranial Base

until 20y/o BE 15-25

A

Spheno- occipital synchondroses

214
Q

Growth sites for Cranial Base

at the age of 6-7

A

Spheno-ethmoidal

215
Q

Growth sites for Cranial Bases

during birth

A

Intersphenoidal

216
Q

Cranial Base ( OSET)

A

Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Temporal

217
Q

**Management of Crowding

A

Observation
Disking of primary teeth
Exo & serial extraction
Corrective orthodontics

218
Q

Disadvantage of disking

A

Tooth sensitivity

After disking apply fluoride

219
Q

Ist dimension establish during development of facial bones

A
  1. Width/ Breadth
  2. Length/ depth
  3. Height
220
Q

aka CD4

by extracting 1st PM before the canine erupts (key to success)

A

Serial extraction

221
Q

‼️📌📌What is the indication for serial extraction?

A

Class I space deficiency

222
Q

Serial extraction commonly fails in what arch

A

61234578

223
Q

Success of Serial extraction

A

Maxilla 61245378

224
Q

📌‼️‼️BE

for serial extraction

A

8mm

225
Q

‼️📌📌📌Orthodontic Tooth Movements

A 
Tipping
Extrusion
Intrusion
Rotation
Translatipm
226
Q

simplest tooth movement

A

Tipping

227
Q

Most difficult

A

Intrusion

228
Q

most difficult to achieve

A

Bodily movement/ Translation

229
Q

📌‼️‼️Remember

When a tooth is moved , the first thing that happens is

A

Bone Bending

230
Q

📌‼️What is the best force of Orthodontics

A

Light Continuous Force

231
Q

‼️📌BQ. Best rotational force

A

Coupling force

232
Q

Parallel forces opposite to each other & they are not collinear

A

Couple

233
Q

Pressure

A

Resorption

234
Q

Tension

A

Deposition

235
Q

Heavy Force

A

Undermining resorptipm

236
Q

memory wires

nickel + titanium(biocompatible) light

A

NiTi

237
Q

titanium + molybdenum

A

Beta- Ti wires

set 7 (ortho & pedo) (3 decks)

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