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Orthodontics > Ortho EnD > Flashcards

Ortho EnD Flashcards

1
Q

Types of History to Ask for

A

C/O
Mx: Medical Conditions, Medications, Allergies
Dental Hx: Last visit, relevant past tx, OH regimen, Hx of Trauma, Hx of Ortho
Social Hx: Smoking, Drinking
Familial Hx
Habits
Physical Growth Status: Pre-pubertal, Pubertal, Post-pubertal, Adult
Attitude to treatment

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2
Q

Important family history to check for

A

Craniofaical syndromes (Cleft Lip/Palate)
Inherited Jaw Proportions
- Retrognathic facial
proportions
- Mandibular Prognathism
- Vertical Jaw Proportions
Congenitally Missing Teeth

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3
Q

Important Habits to check for

A

Digit Sucking, Pacifier Use, Non-nutritive sucking habits
Forward resting tongue posture/Tongue thrust
Mouth Breathing

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4
Q

How to check for physical growth status

A
  • Change in height/clothes/shoe size
  • Peak Growth:
    Facial hair on upper lip (M)
    1-1.5 years prior to first menarche (F)
  • End of growth spurt:
    Facial hair on lips and chin (M)
    First menarche (F)
  • Chronological Age
  • Dental Age
  • Radiographs CVM
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5
Q

E/O: Frontal Facial Analysis
11

A
  • Bigonial width is 30% less than Bizygomatic dimension
  • Height to width:
    1.3:1 (F)
    1.35:1 (M)
  • Facial form: Tapered, Ovoid, Square
  • Vertical Proportions:
    1:1:1
  • Lower facial vertical proportions
    1:2
  • Facial symmetry - Deviation of nasal septum, shape/size of left and right, Chin point deviation
  • Facial, dental and chin midlines relative to each other
  • Equal horizontal fifths
  • Centered nose and chin in central fifth
  • Width of nose =/> central fifth
  • Inter-pupillary distance = width of mouth
  • Occlusal plane cant
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6
Q

E/O: Profile Analysis

A
  • Soft tissue facial profile: Convex, Straight, Concave
  • Skeletal profile: Class I (165-175), Class II (<), Class III (>)
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7
Q

E/O: Soft tissue evaluation
7

Smile Aesthetics
Tongue
Circumoral muscles

A
  • Lip line at rest (Ant tooth displace with rested upper lip)
  • Lip competence
  • Lower lip trap
  • Lip protrusion (relative to Subnasale (Sn) and Pogonion (Pg))
  • Nasolabial angle: Acute, 90, Obtuse
  • Labiomental fold: Shallow, Average, Deep/Accentuated
  • Incisor Display at rest

Smile Aesthetics:
- Incisor and gingival display on smiling (ideal = full incisor to 2mm gingiva)
- Smile Arc consonent with lower lip line
- Buccal corridors: Wide/Ideal/Narrow

Tongue:
- Resting tongue position
- Active tongue position

Circumoral muscles:
- Tone
- Swallow activity - present as adaptation in AOB or upper incisor protrusion

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8
Q

TMJ Examination
6

A
  • Sound
  • ROM
  • Deviation on opening/closing
  • Occlusal interferences
  • CR-MI slide (direction, magnitude, initial contact point)
  • Pain
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9
Q

Why is CR-MI slide important

A

Can cause pseudo class III

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10
Q

I/O: Soft Tissue

A
  • Anomalies
  • Frenal attachments: Cleft in alveola, Median Diastema, Ankyloglossia, Proximity to gingival margins (recession?)
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11
Q

I/O: Dentition

A
  • Type
  • Teeth present
  • OH
  • Caries activity
  • Anomalies in crown morphology: Severe attrition/erosion, Dens Evaginatus, Talon cusp, Peg-shaped, Microdontia, etc,
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12
Q

I/O: Periodontal Status
6

A
  • Biotype
  • Width of keratinised gingiva
  • Gingival recession: Generalised or localised - tooth number, magnitude, surface
  • Probing depths
  • Gingival Inflammation
  • Tooth mobility
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13
Q

I/O: Endodontic status

A
  • Pulpal/Periapical pathology
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14
Q

Intra-arch analysis

A
  • Arch form
  • Arch symmetry
  • Occlusal description: Displacement, Rotation, Tilt/Angulation, Inclination, Vertical position (Infraocclusion/Supraeruption), Impacted/Ectopic
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15
Q

Crowding/Spacing

A
  • Location
  • Magnitude:
    Mild: 1-4
    Moderate: 5-8
    Severe: >8
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16
Q

Mixed Dentition analysis

A
  1. Tanaka and Johnston 1974
    Used to estimate MD width of permanent 3,4,5 before eruption

Lower 345 = 1/2 of man incisors + 10.5
Upper 345 = 1/2 man incisors + 11

  1. Use contralateral tooth
17
Q

Measuring lower curve of spee

A

Average of depth of curve from premolar cusps (deepest) to flat plane on distal cusp of 7 to incisors

18
Q

Interarch: AP

A
  • OJ (British Standards Institute Classification)
  • Class I, II, III -Molars and Canines (Angle’s Classification)
  • Anterior crossbite
19
Q

Definition of Incisor Class I

A

Lower incisors occlude with or lie immediately below the cingulum plateau of upper central incisors

20
Q

Definition of Incisor Class II

A

Lower incisor edges lie posterior to cingulum plateau of upper incisors

Div 1: Upper central incisors are proclined or of average inclination, Increase in OJ
Div 2: Upper central incisors are retroclined, Minimal or may be increase in OJ

21
Q

Definition of Incisor Class III

A

Lower incisor edges lie anterior to cingulum plateau of upper incisors, Reduced or Reversed OJ

22
Q

Definition of Molar Class I

A

Mesiobuccal cusp of upper first molar occludes with mesiobuccal groove of lower first molar

23
Q

Definition of Molar Class II

A

Mesiobuccal cusp of lower first molar occludes distal to Class I position

24
Q

Definition of Molar Class III

A

Mesiobuccal cusp of lower first molar occludes mesial to Class I position

25
Q

Interarch: Vertical

A
  • Deep overbite
  • AOB
  • POB

Points to note:
- Location
- Magnitude
- Complete/Incomplete (Is there contact)
- Presence of Soft tissue trauma

26
Q

Interarch: Transverse

A
  • Crossbites - A/P, Uni/Bilateral, Localised/Generalised, Dental/Skeletal
  • Scissorbites
  • Midline Deviations - Direction and Magnitude
27
Q

Purpose of Cervical Vertebral Maturation

A

Assessment of Mandibular Growth/Skeletal maturation

Peak: Between CVMS II and III/ One year after CVMSII

28
Q

DPT Uses
8

A
  • Bone pathology (eg. clefts)
  • Missing/Supernumerary teeth
  • Dental age
  • Root morphology/length anomalies (eg. dilacerations, narrow spindly roots, blunting of roots, root resorption)
  • Impacted teeth
  • Alveolar bone loss
  • Ankylosis
  • PA pathology
29
Q

Orthodontic problem list

A
  • Skeletal
  • Dental: Interarch, Intraarch
  • Soft Tissue

IOTN

Three planes:
AP (Sagittal) - Class
Vertical
Transverse

30
Q

Skeletal Problem List

A
  1. AP
    - Class I/II/III
    - Retrusive/protrusive max
    - Retrognathic/Prognathic man
    - Bimax retrusion/protrusion
  2. Vertical
    - Hypo/Hyperdivergent
    - Increased/Reduced LAFH
  3. Transverse
    - Maxillomandibular width discrepancy: Eg. Constricted maxilla
    - Facial asymmetry
    - Occlusal plane cant
31
Q

Dental Problem List: Interarch

A
  1. AP
    - Functional shift
    - Incisor Class I/II/III Malocclusion
    - Increased/Reduced OJ
    - Anterior Crossbite
  2. Vertical
    - Deep/Shallow OB
    - AOB/POB
  3. Transverse
    - Crossbite
    - Scissorbite
    - Midline deviation
32
Q

Dental Problem List: Intraarch

A
  • Crowding/Spacing: Mild/Moderate/Severe
  • Missing/Additional teeth
  • Ectopic/.Impacted teeth
  • Anomalies in crown morphology
  • Existing root resorption
33
Q

Soft Tissue Problem List

A
  • Habits
  • Lips
  • Tongue
  • Frenal Attachments
  • Periodontium: Thin, reduced width of keratinized gingiva, Gingival recession

Orthodontics (18 decks)

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