Ortho Exam 1

Question 1

What is the most prevalent type of malocclusion seen in people?

Answer 1

Class 1.
50-55% of people are Class 1.
Where the mandible is slightly protruded (the molars are not end to end)
*Ethnic and Gender play a role too

Question 2

What is the oldest specialty in dentistry?

Answer 2

Ortho

Question 3

Who is the Father of Ortho?

Answer 3

Edward Angle
(He characterized malocclusion Classes I, II, and III

Question 4

How can over 65% of the world be BELOW average?

Answer 4

The “Unlawful Average”
Beware of the MEAN
Mean is the most effected by OUTLIERS.

Question 5

When they say, it is all caused by GENETICS. What do they really mean

Answer 5

EPIGENETICS. Changing what is EXPRESSED. Not changing the actual DNA sequence.

Question 6

What proves that it really is NOT genetics?

Answer 6

Twin studies – heritability only accounts for 50% of malocclusion

Question 7

There are 5 known specific causes. What are they.

Answer 7

1. Disturbances in embryo development
2. Skeletal growth disturbances
3. Muscle dysfunction
4. Acromegaly and hemi-mand hypertrophy
5. Dental development dysfunction

Question 8

What are some SKELETAL disturbances?

Answer 8

Fetal molding
Craniofacial syndromes
fractures/injury to jaw - 5%
muscle dysfunction
hypertrophy/elongation

Question 9

Fetal molding is associated with

Answer 9

Pierre Robin Syndrome

Question 10

Craniofacial Syndromes include

Answer 10

Fetal alcohol syndrome
treacher collins
hemifacial microsomia
crouzon's 
cleft lip/palate

Question 11

What percent of facial asymmetries are due to jaw fracture?

Answer 11

5%

Question 12

What kind of asymmetry is a result of jaw fracture?

Answer 12

PROGRESSIVE AND SEVERE

Question 13

What will a condylar fracture lead to?

Answer 13

Some do not even affect the growth of the jaw and are NOT PROGRESSIVE and NOT SEVERE!

Question 14

Describe how muscle dysfunction leads to asymmetry

Answer 14

Damage the motor nerve
Leads to atrophy of muscle
leads to skeletal growth disturbance

Question 15

What percent of kids with facial asymmetries are due to embryo defects?

Answer 15

1% - thalamide was given to women a LONG TIME AGO to relieve morning sickness

Question 16

What does hypertrophy or elongation lead to?

Answer 16

Mand prognathism
Acromegaly (big pit fossa?)
Condylar hyperplasia

Question 17

What are some DENTAL disturbances?

Answer 17

Missing teeth
malformed teeth
extra teeth
ectopic eruption
early loss of primary teeth

Question 18

What does an early loss of primary molars lead to?

Answer 18

crowding

Question 19

Early loss of primary canines leads to

Answer 19

asymmetry

Question 20

how can function influence form of dental arch

Answer 20

by changing the pattern of soft tissue pressures and affecting the equilibrium of forces against the teeth

Question 21

hat kind of asymmetry is a result of jaw fracture?

Answer 21

PROGRESSIVE AND SEVERE

Question 22

What will a condylar fracture lead to?

Answer 22

Some do not even affect the growth of the jaw and are NOT PROGRESSIVE and NOT SEVERE!

Question 23

Describe how muscle dysfunction leads to asymmetry

Answer 23

Damage the motor nerve
Leads to atrophy of muscle
leads to skeletal growth disturbance

Question 24

What does hypertrophy or elongation lead to?

Answer 24

Mand prognathism
Acromegaly (big pit fossa?)
Condylar hyperplasia

Question 25

What are some DENTAL disturbances?

Answer 25

``` Missing teeth malformed teeth extra teeth ectopic eruption early loss of primary teeth ```

Question 26

What does an early loss of primary molars lead to?

Answer 26

crowding

Question 27

Early loss of primary canines leads to

Answer 27

asymmetry

Question 28

how can function influence form of dental arch

Answer 28

by changing the pattern of soft tissue pressures and affecting the equilibrium of forces against the teeth

Question 29

how do you define normal

Answer 29

average, esthetic, functional, acceptable

Question 30

what percent of people are NORMAL AP problelms

Answer 30

30%

Question 31

what percent are class 1

Answer 31

50-55%

Question 32

what percent are class 2

Answer 32

15-20%

Question 33

what percent are class 3

Answer 33

LESS THAN 1%

Question 34

so what percent are normal occlusion?

Answer 34

80-85%!!!!